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Figure 1  Unknown artist, Sir Thomas Dale, England, ca. 1615. Oil on canvas. 80" x 45". (Courtesy, Virginia Museum of Fine Art, Adolph D. and Wilkins C. Williams Fund; photo, Ron Jennings.)

Figure 2  Augustine Herrman, Virginia and Maryland, 1670. Engraving on paper. 32" x 37". (Courtesy, John Carter Brown Library, Brown University.)

Figure 3  Medallion of Prince Maurice of Orange, Holland, 1615. Cast brass. 1 3/4" x 1 1/2". (Courtesy, Flowerdew Hundred Museum.)

Figure 4  Armchair, probably Virginia, 1650–1690. Oak. (Courtesy, Wadsworth Atheneum; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 5  Court cupboard, possibly Virginia, 1620–1680. Oak. (Illustrated in Antiques 24, no. 9 [October 1938]: 216.)

Figure 6  Clothes cupboard, Virginia, 1650–1690. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 61 1/2", W. 61 3/4",
D. 20". (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 7  Detail of the back of the clothes cupboard illustrated in fig. 6.

Figure 8  Kast, New York, 1650–1700. White and red oak. H. 70", W. 67", D. 25". (Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art, gift of Millia Davenport, 1988.)

Figure 9  Pieter de Hooch, Portrait of a Family Making Music, Holland, 1663. Oil on canvas. 39 3/4" x 46". (Courtesy, Cleveland Museum of Art, gift of the Hanna Fund.)

Figure 10  Detail of a turned foot on the clothes cupboard illustrated in fig. 6.

Figure 11  Detail of the mitered joinery and raised panels on the clothes cupboard illustrated in fig. 6.

Figure 12  Drawing of a (a) mitered mortise-and-tenon joint and (b) flat-faced mortise-and-tenon joint. (Adapted from a drawing in Peter M. Kenny, Frances Gruber Safford, and Gilbert T. Vincent, American Kasten: The Dutch-Style Cupboards of New York and New Jersey 1650–1800 [New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991], p. 12; artwork, Wynne Patterson.)

Figure 13  Detail of the dovetailed top and splined backboards on the clothes cupboard illustrated in fig. 6.

Figure 14  Detail of the pegboard in the clothes cupboard illustrated in fig. 6.

Figure 15  Detail of the interior shelving on the clothes cupboard illustrated in fig. 6.

Figure 16  Armchair, southeastern Virginia, 1680–1700. Cherry. H. 41 3/4", W. 23 1/2", D. 231/2". (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 17  Armchair, Virginia, 1680–1700. Cherry, hickory, and white oak. H. 43 1/2", W. 25",
D. 22 3/4". (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 18  Armchair, New York or New Jersey, early eighteenth century. Maple, ash, and cherry; painted black. H. 50", W. 23", D. 18". (Courtesy, Albany Institute of Art and History.)

Figure 19  Stretcher table, eastern Virginia, 1690–1720. Walnut with cedrela. H. 26",
W. 46 1/4", D. 32 1/4". (Courtesy, H. L. Chalfant Antiques.)

Figure 20  Draw-bar table, New York City, 1690–1710. Red gum with tulip poplar and pine. H. 29 3/4", frame dimensions: 35 7/8" x 20 3/8". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)