1. Simon Schama, The Embarrassment of Riches: An Interpretation of Dutch Culture in the Golden Age (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), pp. 53–57. C. A. Weslager, The Swedes and the Dutch at New Castle (New York: Bart, 1987), pp. 1–24. 2. Charlotte Wilcoxen, Dutch Trade and Ceramics in America in the Seventeenth Century (Albany, N.Y.: Albany Institute of History and Art, 1987), pp. 13, 19–25. For the reference to Sir Thomas Dale, see p. 19. 3. John R. Pagan, “Dutch Maritime and Commercial Activity in Mid-Seventeenth-Century Virginia,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 90, no. 4 (October 1982): 485–501. Wilcoxen, Dutch Trade and Ceramics, p. 20. David Peterson DeVries, “Voyages from Holland to America, A. D. 1632 to 1644,” translated by Henry C. Murphy, Collections of the New York Historical Society, second series, vol. 3, part 1 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1857), pp. 32–37, 74–78, 123–27. 4. Pagan, “Dutch Maritime and Commercial Activity,” pp. 485–501. See also, Jan Kupp, “Dutch Notarial Acts Relating to the Tobacco Trade in Virginia, 1608–1653,” William and Mary Quarterly 30, no. 4 (October 1973): 653–55. 5. Wilcoxen, Dutch Trade and Ceramics, p. 20. “Richard Ingle in Maryland,” Maryland Historical Magazine 1, no. 2 (June 1906): 131–33, 140. “Petition of certain Dutch Merchants to the States General,” in Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York; Procured in Holland, England and France, edited by E. B. O’Callaghan (Albany, N.Y.: Weed, Parsons, and Company, 1856), pp. 436–37. 6. Pagan, “Dutch Maritime and Commercial Activity,” pp. 493–501. Wilcoxen, Dutch Trade and Ceramics, p. 21. “Denization of Augustine Herman,” Maryland Historical Magazine 3, no. 2 (June 1908): 170; Wilcoxen, Dutch Trade and Ceramics, p. 24. 7. For the connection between Dutch trade and Chinese export porcelain in Virginia, see Julia B. Curtis, “Chinese Ceramics and the Dutch Connection in Early Seventeenth-Century Virginia,” in Vereniging van Vrienden der Aziatische Kunst (Amsterdam: Mededelingenblad, 1985), pp. 6–13; and Wilcoxen, Dutch Trade and Ceramics, pp. 73–80. Information on Kicotan is from personal communication with William Pittman, Department of Archaeological Research, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. John L. Cotter, Archaeological Excavations at Jamestown (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, Archeological Research Series Number Four, 1958), pp. 172, 185, 201–86. James Deetz, Flowerdew Hundred: The Archaeology of a Virginia Plantation, 1614–1864 (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1993), pp. 43–44. Henry M. Miller, A Search for the “Citty of Saint Maries” (St. Mary’s City, Md.: St. Mary’s City Commission, 1983), p. 82. Al Luckenbach, Providence 1649: The History and Archaeology of Anne Arundel County Maryland’s First European Settlement (Annapolis, Md.: Maryland State Archives and Maryland Historical Trust, 1995), p. 2. 8. Inventory of Captain William Moseley, October 16, 1671, Norfolk County, Va., Wills, Deeds, &c., bk. E, 1666–1675, folios 105–7. Unless otherwise noted, all primary sources cited in this article are from transcriptions in the artisan and personnel files at the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts (hereinafter cited as MESDA), Winston-Salem, North Carolina. For a discussion of the Dutch kast, see T. H. Lunsingh Scheurleer, “The Dutch and Their Homes in the Seventeenth Century,” in Arts of the Anglo-American Community in the Seventeenth Century, edited by Ian M. G. Quimby (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for the Winterthur Museum, 1975), pp. 15–29; Reinier Baarsen, Dutch Furniture 1600–1800 (Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 1993), pp. 8–9, 14–15, 24–25, 34–35; and Peter M. Kenny, Frances Gruber Safford, and Gilbert T. Vincent, American Kasten: The Dutch-Style Cupboards of New York and New Jersey 1650–1800 (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991), pp. 1–10. 9. Gary Wheeler Stone, “St. John’s: Archaeological Questions and Answers,” Maryland Historical Magazine 69, no. 2 (summer 1974): 157–58. 10. Will of Edward Dowglas, November 12, 1657, Northampton County, Va., Deeds, Wills, &c., nos. 7 and 8, 1655–1668, folio 77. Will of John Fawsett, October 16, 1673, Accomack County, Va., Wills, Deeds, Orders, &c., 1673–1676, folio 7. Inventory of John Carr, September 16, 1676, Maryland Prerogative Court, Inventories and Accounts, vol. 2, 1676, folio 281. Inventory of Thomas Teackle, August 18, 1696, Accomack County, Va., Wills &c., 1692–1715, folio 138a. 11. Homer Eaton Keyes, “Notes on American Wainscot Chairs,” Antiques 16, no. 6 (June 1930): 523. Homer Eaton Keyes, “Riddles & Replies,” Antiques 24, no. 9 (October 1938): 216. 12. John Smith, The Complete Works of Captain John Smith, edited by Philip L. Barbour, 3 vols. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1950), 2:180–200. William W. Hening, The Statutes at Large; being a Collection of all the Laws of Virginia (New York, 1823), p. 115. Minutes of the Council and General Court, James City County, Va., July 2, 1627. Jeffrey A. Wyand and Florence L. Wyand, Colonial Maryland Naturalizations (Baltimore, Md.: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1986), pp. 2–6. For more on the ethnic origins of New York’s artisan community, see Kenny, Safford, and Vincent, American Kasten, pp. 14–15; and Neil D. Kamil, “Hidden in Plain Sight: Disappearance and Material Life in Colonial New York,” in American Furniture, edited by Luke Beckerdite (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 1995), passim. Inventory of Henricke Cloystockfish, May 17, 1681, Maryland Prerogative Court, Inventories and Accounts, vol. 7, 1680–1682, folio 11. 13. The clothes cupboard was discovered in eastern Virginia by Richmond dealer J. K. Beard. In 1940, Frank L. Horton purchased it from Beard’s estate. For other interpretations of this clothes cupboard, see James R. and Marilyn S. Melchor, “Analysis of an Enigma,” Journal of Early Southern Decorative Arts 12, no. 1 (May 1986): 1–18; and John Bivins and Forsyth Alexander, The Regional Arts of the Early South: A Sampling from the Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for MESDA, 1991), p. 23. 14. Kenny, Safford, and Vincent, American Kasten, pp. 10–15. 15. The London joiners who immigrated to Boston included Ralph Mason (1635), John Davis (1635), and Henry Messinger (1640). The London joiners who immigrated to New Haven included William Russell and William Gibbons (1640). For more on these men and the origins of dovetail construction in London and New England, see Benno M. Forman, “The Chest of Drawers in America, 1635–1730: The Origins of the Joined Chest of Drawers,” Winterthur Portfolio 20, no. 1 (spring 1985): 9–14; Robert F. Trent, “The Chest of Drawers in America, 1635–1730: A Postscript,” Winterthur Portfolio 20, no. 1 (spring 1985): 31–48; Benno M. Forman, American Seating Furniture, 1630–1730 (New York: W. W. Norton for the Winterthur Museum, 1988), p. 42; Benno M. Forman, “Urban Aspects of Massachusetts Furniture in the Late Seventeenth Century,” in Country Cabinetwork and Simple City Furniture, edited by John D. Morse (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia for Winterthur Museum, 1970), pp. 12–16; Robert F. Trent, “New England Joinery and Turning before 1700,” in New England Begins: The Seventeenth Century, 3 vols. (Boston: the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1982), pp. 501–9; 522–26, nos. 481, 482; and Robert F. Trent, “Recent Discoveries in Early New England Furniture,” lecture at the 1997 Antiques Forum, Williamsburg, Virginia. The Savell shop of Braintree, Massachusetts, also used dovetails to join drawer sides to drawer fronts (Peter Follansbee and John D. Alexander, “Seventeenth-Century Joinery from Braintree, Massachusetts: The Savell Shop Tradition,” in American Furniture, edited by Luke Beckerdite [Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 1996], pp. 94–96). 16. Bivins and Alexander, Regional Arts of the Early South, p. 21. Roderic H. Blackburn and Ruth Piwonka, Remembrance of Patria: Dutch Arts and Culture in Colonial America 1609–1776 (Albany, N.Y.: Albany Institute of History and Art, 1988), p. 175. John T. Kirk, American Furniture in the British Tradition to 1830 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), p. 236, fig. 768. I am grateful to Ronald Hurst for bringing this illustration to my attention. 17. For the history of this table, see accession files, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. Peter M. Kenny, “Flat Gates, Draw Bars, Twists, and Urns: New York’s Distinctive, Early Baroque Oval Tables with Falling Leaves,” in American Furniture, edited by Luke Beckerdite (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 1994), pp. 113–14. 18. Inventory of George Hack, May 22, 1665, Accomack County, Va., Deeds and Wills, 1664–1671, folio 28a. Wyand, “Naturalizations Granted by Enactment of Private Laws,” Colonial Maryland Naturalizations, p. 5. 19. Inventory of George Hack. For an excellent discussion of early woodworking tools, see Jay Gaynor, “‘Tooles of all sorts to worke’: A Brief Look at Trade Tools in 17th-Century Virginia,” in The Archaeology of 17th-Century Virginia, edited by Theodore R. Reinhart and Dennis Pogue (Richmond, Va.: Archeological Society of Virginia, Special Publication no. 30, 1993), pp. 311–56. 20. Bond of John Rickards to Anne Boote, June 6, 1668, Accomack County, Va., Orders, Wills &c., 1671–1673, folio 231. 21. Articles of Agreement between William Phillpott and John Rickards, January 9, 1673/4, Accomack County, Va., Wills, Deeds, Orders, &c., 1673–1676, folio 32.