Article

Figure 1 J. Denison, map of the states of maryland and delaware, published in Jedidiah Morse’s American Geography, 3d ed., 1796. (Courtesy, Maryland Hall of Records.)

Figure 2 View of Frederick Town attributed to John Markell, 1844. Oil on canvas. 24" x 37 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 3 Chest, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1776. White pine and white oak with yellow pine and walnut. H. 23 1/2", W. 44 7/8", D. 22 3/4". (Courtesy, Yale University Art Gallery, Mabel Brady Garvan Collection.)

Figure 4 Chest, probably Frederick County, Maryland, 1770–1780. Walnut with tulip poplar. H. 231/4", W. 511/4", D. 23". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 5 Chest, Frederick County, Maryland, 1770–1780. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 29 3/8", W. 56", D. 28 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.) The lower portions of the feet are restored.

Figure 6 Schrank, Frederick County, Maryland, 1775–1785. Walnut with tulip poplar. Dimensions not recorded. (Courtesy, Maryland Historical Society.) The turned feet are restored.

Figure 7 Chest, Hagerstown, Maryland, 1785. Walnut. H. 24 1/2", W. 31", D. 22 1/2". (Courtesy, Sotheby’s.)

Figure 8 Desk, Hagerstown, Maryland, 1796. Cherry with yellow pine and cherry. H. 37 5/8", W. 44 1/2", D. 20 3/4". (Courtesy, Washington County Historical Society, Hagerstown; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The desk originally had bracket feet.

Figure 9 Detail of the prospect door of the desk illustrated in fig. 8. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 10 Chest, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1790. Walnut; maple and putty inlay. H. 29 1/4", W. 51", D. 24 3/4". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 11 Detail of the inlay on the chest illustrated in fig. 10. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 12 Detail of the inlay on the chest illustrated in fig. 10. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 13 Chest, Frederick County, Maryland, 1791. Tulip poplar. H. 25 3/4", W. 49", D. 22 7/8". (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.) The feet and base molding are restored.

Figure 14 Conrad Doll, organ case for Peace Church, Hampden Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 1807. Painted softwoods. Dimensions not recorded. (Courtesy, Friends of Peace Church and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 15 Tall clock with a thirty-hour movement by John Fessler, Sr., Frederick Town, Maryland, ca. 1785. Painted softwoods. H. 84 1/2", W. 20 3/4", D. 10 7/8". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 16 Tall clock with an eight-day movement by George Schnertzel, Frederick Town, Maryland, ca. 1780. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 104", W. 19 1/2", D. 11 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The base is restored.

Figure 17 Detail of the frieze of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 16. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 18 Tall clock with a thirty-hour movement by George Woltz, Hagerstown, Maryland, 1789. Walnut. Secondary woods and dimensions not recorded. (Illustrated in Pauline Pinkney, “George Woltz, Maryland Cabinetmaker," Antiques 35, no. 3 [March 1939]: 125.)

Figure 19 Tall clock with a thirty-hour movement by Jacob Young, Hagerstown, Maryland, ca. 1785. Walnut. Secondary woods and dimensions not recorded. The feet and rosettes are restored. (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 20 Detail of the hood of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 19. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 21 Tall clock with a thirty-hour movement signed “John Myer, Frederick Town,” Maryland, 1770–1790. Cherry with tulip poplar. H. 97 5/8", W. 20 1/8", D. 10 5/8". (Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.)

Figure 22 Detail of the waist door of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 21.

Figure 23 Design for a tall clock illustrated on pl. 163 in the third edition of Thomas Chippendale’s Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker’s Director (1762). (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 24 Tall clock with an eight-day movement signed “Elijah Evans Frederick Town,” Maryland, 1780–1789. Cherry with tulip poplar. H. 98 1/4", W. 21 1/2", D. 11 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 25 Tall clock with an eight-day movement signed and dated “Thos. Liddell Frederik Town 1760,” Maryland. Walnut with tulip poplar and yellow pine. H. 102 3/8", W. 20 1/4", D. 10 1/2". (Courtesy, Historical Society of Frederick County, Maryland; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 26 Detail of the waist door of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 25. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 27 Desk-and-bookcase, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with tulip poplar. H. 96 1/2", W. 45", D. 21 7/8". (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.) The bookcase section has been shortened.

Figure 28 Detail of the prospect of the desk-and-bookcase illustrated in fig. 27.

Figure 29 Desk-and-bookcase, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with tulip poplar. H. 94", W. 42 1/2", D. 23 1/2". (Courtesy, Carlyle House Historic Park, owned by the Northern Virginia Regional Park Authority; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 30 Tall clock, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 104 1/4", W. 21 1/4", D. 11 1/4". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 31 Detail of the hood of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 30.

Figure 32 Tall clock with an eight-day movement signed “John Fessler,” Frederick Town, Maryland, 1780-1810. Cherry with tulip poplar. Dimensions not recorded. (Private collection; photo, Baltimore Museum of Art.)

Figure 33 Detail of the hood of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 32.

Figure 34 Corner cupboard, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with tulip poplar. H. 91". (Courtesy, Historical Society of Frederick County, Maryland; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The feet are old replacements.

Figure 35 Detail of the carving on the corner cupboard illustrated in fig. 34. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 36 Corner cupboard, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with tulip poplar. H. 89 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.) The flame sections of the finials are missing.

Figure 37 Detail of the carved fan and mullions on the door of the corner cupboard illustrated in fig. 36.

Figure 38 Corner cupboard, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1800. Woods and dimensions not recorded. (Illustrated in Wallace Nutting, Furniture Treasury [New York: MacMillian Co., 1928], fig. 534.)

Figure 39 Corner cupboard, Frederick or Washington County, Maryland, 1790–1810. Tulip poplar. H. 100", W. 48 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 40 Chest of drawers, Frederick County, Maryland, or Washington County, Virginia, 1780–1800. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 77 7/8", W. 39 1/4", D. 23 1/4". (Private collection; photo, Greg Vaughan.) The feet and base molding are replaced.

Figure 41 Detail of the shell appliqué and cornice molding on the chest illustrated in fig. 40.

Figure 42 Tall clock, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1785–1800. Walnut with tulip poplar. H. 106", W. 23", D. 11 1/8". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 43 Detail of the hood of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 42. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 44 Tall clock with an eight-day movement signed “John Fessler,” Frederick Town, Maryland, 1785–1800. Walnut with tulip poplar and white pine. H. 103 1/2", W. 23", D. 11 1/8". (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 45 Tall clock with an eight-day movement signed “Valentine Steckell,” Frederick Town, Maryland, 1790–1810. Walnut with tulip poplar. Dimensions not recorded. The feet and base molding are restored. (Courtesy, Historical Society of Frederick County, Maryland; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 46 Detail of the hood of the tall clock illustrated in fig. 45. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 47 Corner cupboard, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 89 1/2", W. 50 1/2", D. 32 1/4". (Courtesy, Sumpter Priddy III, Inc.) The upper case has been shortened.

Figure 48 Detail of one of the tympanum appliqués of the corner cupboard illustrated in fig. 47.

Figure 49 Corner cupboard, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1800. Yellow pine; polychrome paint. H. 96", W. 56 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 50 Detail of the entablature and cornice of the corner cupboard illustrated in fig. 49. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 51 Windsor chair, Frederick County, Maryland, ca. 1810. Maple and tulip poplar; painted. H. 33 1/2", W. 21 1/4", D. 16". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 52 Detail of the carving on the crest rail of the Windsor chair illustrated in fig. 51. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The chip carving on the crest rail has flowers that turn outward like the relief carving on a group of Frederick County cupboards.

Figure 53 Armchair, Frederick County, Maryland, 1770–1790. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 39 1/8", W. 22 3/8" (seat). (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.) This chair descended in the Tyler family of “The Shelter,” in Prince William County, Virginia.

Figure 54 Side chair, probably Hagerstown, Maryland, 1770–1790. Walnut. Secondary woods and dimensions not recorded. (Illustrated in Pauline Pinkney, “George Woltz, Maryland Cabinetmaker,” Antiques 35, no. 3 [March 1939]: 124–27.)

Figure 55 Side chair, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1770–1790. Walnut. H. 40 1/2", W. 22 1/4", D. 19". (Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.)

Figure 56 Armchair, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1770–1790. Walnut with white pine. H. 37 1/4",
W. 21 7/8" (seat). (Private collection; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)

Figure 57 Side chair, Frederick County, Maryland, 1770–1800. Walnut. H. 37 1/2", W. 18 5/8",
D. 14 5/8". (Private collection; photo, Sumpter Priddy, Inc.)

Figure 58 Side chair, Frederick Town, Maryland, 1780–1800. Walnut with yellow pine. H. 39 1/2", W. 17 1/4" (seat). (Courtesy, All Saints Parish; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 59 Corner cupboard, Frederick County, Maryland, 1780–1800. Cherry with tulip poplar and yellow pine. H. 107", W. 47 1/2". (Courtesy, Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.)

Figure 60 Detail of the pediment of the corner cupbard illustrated in fig.59.