Figure 6  Detail of the carving on the front rail of the side chair illustrated in fig. 5. The tradesmen who made the chairs in this set used a combination of planes, chisels, files, and scrapers to prepare the upholstery surfaces on the front and side rails. Because the front rails are serpentine, they used a curved toothing plane to finish the area for the foundation upholstery (approx. 1"– 11/4" at the top) and chisels, files, and scrapers to prepare the surface below. On the side rails, they used a standard smoothing plane to finish the area for the foundation upholstery and chisels, files, and scrapers below.