Figure 1  George Washington Felt, View of Court House Square, Salem, Massachusetts, 1810–1820. Oil on wood panel. 35" x 52". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of B. F. Brown.)

Figure 2  John Christian Rauschner, William Hook, ca. 1809. Colored wax. H. (frame) 6 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 3  Gentleman’s secretary, Salem,
Massachusetts, 1795–1805. Mahogany with pine. H. 96 3/8", W. 72 1/8", D. 20 1/4". (Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston; gift of Miss Ima Hogg.)

Figure 4  Design for a “Gentleman’s Secretary” illustrated on plate 52 of Thomas Sheraton’s The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Drawing Book (1793). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 5  Thomas Shearer, design for a “Wing Clothes Press,” illustrated on plate 3 of the Society of Upholsterers, Cabinet-Makers’ London Book of Prices (1788). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 6  Gentleman’s secretary attributed to Edmund Johnson, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1812. Mahogany and satinwood with pine. H. 88", W. 67 1/2", D. unrecorded. (Courtesy, Sotheby’s.)

Figure 7  Secretary-and-bookcase, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1800. Mahogany with pine. H. 91 1/2", W. 45", D. 23". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, bequest of Mrs. Arthur West; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 8  Secretary-and-bookcase with the label
of William Appleton, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1804. Mahogany and pine. H. 99 1/2", W. 42", D. 24 1/2". (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum.) An inlaid scroll volute similar to those on this example is illustrated in a design for a bookcase on plate 1 of the Society of Upholsterer’s Cabinet-Makers’ London Book of Prices.

Figure 9  Design for a “Side Board” illustrated on plate 29 of the second edition of George Hepplewhite’s Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (London, 1789). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 10  Sideboard made by Daniel Clarke, Salem, Massachusetts, 1797. Mahogany with pine. H. 37 3/4", W. 68 1/2", D. 28". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, gift of Eliza and Mary Ropes; photo, Mark Sexton.) This sideboard differs from the design illustrated in fig. 9 in having a cabinet with two doors beneath the center drawer.

Figure 11  Sideboard bearing the label of Edmund Johnson, Salem, Massachusetts, 1800–1810. Mahogany with pine. H. 39 1/2", W. 63 1/2", D. 26 1/4". (Private collection; photo, Decorative Arts Photographic Collection, Winterthur Museum.)

Figure 12  Sideboard attributed to Nathaniel Safford, Salem, Massachusetts, 1805. Mahogany with pine. H. 42", W. 69", D. 26". (Private collection; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 13  Desk attributed to Elijah Sanderson, Salem, Massachusetts, 1780–1800. Mahogany and pine. H. 43 3/8", W. 45", D. 23". (Courtesy, New England Historic Genealogical Society.)

Figure 14  Desk by Edmund Johnson, Salem, Massachusetts, ca. 1800. Cherry with pine. H. 45", W. 21", D. 42 1/4". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of F. J. Bradlee.)

Figure 15  Dwarf clock with movement by Samuel Mulliken II, Salem, Massachusetts, 1790–1796. Mahogany with pine; brass. H. 36 3/8", W. 11 3/4", D. 7". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 16  Design for a “Commode” illustrated on plate 78 of the third edition of George Hepplewhite’s Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (1794). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 17  Commode, Salem, Massachusetts, 1800–1810. Mahogany with pine. H. 40", W. 55", D. 32". (Courtesy, Christie’s.)

Figure 18  Commode with carving attributed to Samuel McIntire, Salem, Massachusetts, 1800–1805. Mahogany with pine. H. 43 1/4", W. 65 3/4", D. 28 1/4". (Courtesy, Decorative Arts Photographic Collection, Winterthur Museum.)

Figure 19  Lady’s secretary, Salem, Massachusetts, 1800–1810. Mahogany with pine. H. 61 1/4", W. 38", D. 29 1/4". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; bequest of Mrs. Arthur West.)

Figure 20  Design for a “Secretary and Bookcase” illustrated on plate 44 of the third edition
of George Hepplewhite’s Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (1794). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 21  Lady’s tambour writing table by Elijah Sanderson, Salem, Massachusetts, 1800–1810. Mahogany with pine. Dimensions not recorded. (Courtesy, Decorative Arts Photographic Collection, Winterthur Museum.)

Figure 22  Circular front bureau, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1813. Mahogany and birch with pine. H. 37 1/2", W. 41", D. 21 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of Francis and Miriam Shaw.) The chest descended in the family of Salem merchant Aaron Waite.

Figure 23  Dining table, eastern Massachusetts, 1795–1815. Birch. H. 28", W. 47 1/2", D. 46". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of Charles Cotting, Jr.)

Figure 24  Card table attributed to William and Samuel Fiske, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1800. Mahogany with pine. H. 28 1/2", W. 35 3/4", D. 19 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; bequest of Mrs. Isabel Newcomb.)

Figure 25  Night table made by Elijah Sanderson, Salem, Massachusetts, ca. 1800. Mahogany with pine. H. 29 1/2", W. 25 3/4", D. 19". (Private collection; photo, Peabody Essex Museum.)

Figure 26  Designs for “Night Tables” illustrated on plate 82 of the third edition of George Hepplewhite’s Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (1794). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 27  Pembroke table, possibly Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1810. Mahogany with pine. H. 28", W. 33 1/2", D. 33 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum.)

Figure 28  Quarter table, probably Maryland, 1795–1810. Mahogany with pine and tulip poplar. H. 32 3/4", W. 32 3/4", D. 22 7/8". (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum.)

Figure 29  Table, Salem, Massachusetts, ca. 1789. Pine; black, brown, white, and ochre paint. H. 30 1/4", W. 42", D. 22 1/4". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of Ellen Chever.)

Figure 30  Stand, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795– 1805. Mahogany. H. 30 1/2", W. 24", D. 15 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of
Mrs. George Nichols.)

Figure 31  Firescreen, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1805. Mahogany. H. 59 3/4", W. 17 1/2", D. 17 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; bequest of George Rea Curwen.)

Figure 32  Design for a “Corner Basin Stand” illustrated on plate 42 of Thomas Sheraton’s
Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Drawing Book (1793). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 33  Corner washstand, Salem, Massachusetts, 1800–1815. Mahogany with pine. H. 41", W. 14 1/2", D. 14 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 34  Cradles, Salem, Massachusetts, 1790–1810. (left) Mahogany with pine. H. 29", L. 40", W. 21 1/2". (right) Pine; blue-green paint. H. 31", L. 40", W. 20". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; [left] gift of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph K. Elliot.)

Figure 35  Sofa, possibly by Nathaniel Safford, with carving attributed to Samuel McIntire, Salem, Massachusetts, ca. 1805. Mahogany with unidentified secondary woods. H. 38 1/2", L. 83", D. 33". (Private collection; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 36  Easy chair, Salem, Massachusetts, ca. 1800. Mahogany. H. 48", W. 27 1/2", D. 21". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, bequest of George Rea Curwen; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 37  Design for an “Easy Chair” illustrated on plate 15 of the second edition of George Hepplewhite’s Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (1789). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 38  Armchair, Salem, Massachusetts, 1795–1805. Mahogany with unidentified secondary woods. H. 43 1/2", W. 23", D. 19 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; gift of George Rea
Curwen.)

Figure 39  Lolling chair, Salem, Massachusetts, ca. 1805. Mahogany with unidentified secondary woods. H. 42", W. 24", D. 21". (Private collection; photo, Peabody Essex Museum.)

Figure 40  Window stool with carving attributed to Samuel McIntire, Salem, Massachusetts, 1801. Mahogany with unidentified secondary woods. H. 26", W. 44 1/2", D. 14 3/4". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, gift of the estate of Charlotte Nichols; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 41  Designs for “Window Stools” illustrated on plate 19 of the third edition of George Hepplewhite’s Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer’s Guide (1794). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Books and Periodical Collection.)

Figure 42  Detail of a bed post with carving attributed to Samuel McIntire, 1801–1811. Mahogany. H. 76", W. 4", D. 4". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, gift of the estate of Charlotte Nichols; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 43  Bedstead, Salem, 1795–1801. Mahogany and maple with pine. H. 87", W. 57", D. 79". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, gift of Deborah J. Elliot: photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 44  Folding cot, probably Salem, Massachusetts, nineteenth century. Maple, pine, iron, and canvas. H. 25", W. 79", D. 55". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; photo, Mark Sexton.)

Figure 45   Luxe et Indigence, France, ca. 1818. Engraving. Dimensions not recorded.

Figure 46  Sea chest, probably Salem, Massachusetts, 1811–1830. Pine; gray paint. H. 18 3/4", W. 49 1/2", D. 18". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum, gift of the Reverend George D. Latimer; photo, Mark Sexton.) This chest belonged to Capt. Charles Hoffman of Salem.