Figure 1 Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with unidentified secondary wood. H. 42", W. 18", D. 13 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Helga Studio.)

Figure 2  I. N. Phelps Stokes, Redraft of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam in 1660, New York, 1916. Color gravure on paper. 14 3/8" x 19 1/4". (Courtesy, J. Clarence Davies Collection, Museum of the City of New York.)

Figure 3  Detail of the map illustrated in fig. 2, showing the residences of (a) Lourens Andrieszen van Boskerk, (b) Frederick Arentszen Blom, and (c) David Wessels.

Figure 4  Side chair, northern Netherlands, 1650-1700. Walnut with unidentified secondary wood. H. 40 1/8", W. 18 1/8", D. 15 3/4". (Courtesy, Rijksmuseum.)

Figure 5  Side chair, northern Netherlands, ca. 1700. Rosewood and walnut with unidentified secondary wood. H. 37 1/2", W. 18 1/8", D. 14 3/4". (Courtesy, Rijksmuseum.)

Figure 6  Armchair, New York, 1660-1720. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. H. 40", W. 23", D. 19". (Courtesy, Morristown Historic Park; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Several of the vertical spindles and stretchers are replaced.  

Figure 7  Armchair, New York, 1660-1720. Maple, cherry, and ash with unidentified secondary wood. H. 50 3/8", W. 23 1/4", D. 18 3/4". (Courtesy, Albany Institute of History and Art, Rockwell Fund; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) This chair reputedly descended in the Hendrickson family of Flatbush. With two tiers of back spindles and unusually complex post turnings, this chair is a superb example of the stoelendraaier's art. One arm and several spindles are replaced.

Figure 8  Detail of the left arm and front post of the armchair illustrated in fig. 6. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 9  Armchair, probably southeast Virginia, 1670-1720. Cherry with unidentified secondary wood. H. 41 3/4", W. 23 1/2", D. 23 1/2". (Collection of the Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts, Old Salem Museum & Gardens.)

Figure 10  Nicolaes Maes, A Young Woman Sewing, 1655. Oil on panel. 21 3/8" x 17 1/2". (Courtesy, Guildhall Art Gallery, Corporation of London.)

Figure 11  Hendrik van der Burch, The Game of Cards, 1660. Oil on canvas. 30 1/2" x 26 1/2". (Courtesy, Detroit Institute of Arts.)

Figure 12  Detail showing the kitchen of a doll house, Netherlands, 1674-1682. (Courtesy, Central Museum, Utrecht.)

Figure 13  Side chairs, Netherlands, 1674-1682. Walnut with unidentified secondary wood. H. 4 1/3"; width and depth not recorded. (Courtesy, Central Museum, Utrecht.)

Figure 14  Detail of the right finial and right rear post and spindles of the chair illustrated in fig. 39. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 15  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Walnut with hickory. H. 30 11/16 ", W. 16 1/2", D. 13 3/8". (Courtesy, Mabel Brady Garvan Collection, Yale University Art Gallery.)

Figure 16  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Ebony with red oak. H. 26", W. 15 1/2", D. 14 1/2". (Courtesy, Winterthur Library: Decorative Arts Photographic Collection.)

Figure 17  Detail of a photograph of an exhibit at the bicentennial display, Albany, New York, 1886. (Courtesy, McKinney Library, Albany Institute of History and Art.)

Figure 18  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with white oak. H. 32 3/8", W. 17", D. 15 1/2". (Courtesy, New York State Museum, gift of the Wunsch Americana Foundation.) The mate to this chair is illustrated in fig. 43.

Figure 19  Side chair, New York, 1680-1711. Cherry. H. 37", W. 19", D. 15 1/4". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)  

Figure 20  Detail of the weathervane on the Dutch Reformed Church built in Sleepy Hollow, New York, in 1685. Unidentified metals. (Courtesy, Tarrytown Dutch Reform Church; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) This weathervane is a copy based on the original, which still survives in the church. Oral tradition maintains that the weathervane was presented to the church upon its completion.

Figure 21  Armchair, New York, 1675-1725. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. H. 36 1/4", W. 22 3/8", D. 24". (Courtesy, Brooklyn Museum of Art.)

Figure 22  Detail of Pieter Cornelis van Slingelandt, Woman Making Lace with Two Children, Netherlands, ca. 1679. Oil on panel. 18 5/8" x 15 1/2". (Courtesy, Guildhall Art Gallery, Corporation of London.)

Figure 23  Side chair, New York or northern New Jersey, 1730-1790. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. H. 38 3/8", W. 18", D. 16". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 24  Side chair, New York or northern New Jersey, 1730-1790. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. H. 36 3/4", W. 19 1/8", D. 16". (Courtesy, Staten Island Historical Society.)

Figure 25  Side chair, probably Guilford-Saybrook area of Connecticut, 1680-1710. Maple and ash. H. 30 1/2", W. 17 1/4", D. 14". (Courtesy, Mabel Brady Garvan Collection, Yale University Art Gallery. )

Figure 26  Armchair, New York, 1670-1720. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. H. 40 3/4", W. 21 3/8", D. 15 5/8". (Courtesy, Society for the Preservation of Long Island Antiquities.)

Figure 27  Side chair, New York, 1680-1730. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. Dimensions not recorded. (Courtesy, Sotheby's.)

Figure 28  High chair, New York, 1680-1730. Maple with unidentified secondary wood. H. 35 1/2", W. 14 3/4", D. 13 1/2". (Courtesy, Albany Institute of History and Art; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The chair is branded "RS" on a back leg. The footrest is a modern replacement.

Figure 29  High chair, New York, 1680-1730. UnidentiWed woods; modern green paint. H. 37", W. 23", D. 12 1/2". (Courtesy, Albany Institute of History and Art; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The back rails, stretchers, and arms may be replacements.

Figure 30  Side chair, New York, 1680-1730. Walnut with unidentified secondary wood. Dimensions not recorded. (Courtesy, Issac
Royall House Museum.) The seat and seat rails are replaced.

Figure 31  Dressing table, New York, 1680-1710. Mahogany with tulip poplar. H. 33 3/4", W. 28 1/4", D. 22 3/4". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 32  Side chair, New York, 1700-1740. Maple. H. 36 1/2", W. 18 3/4", D. 15". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 33  Side chair, New York, 1695-1730. Maple. H. 44 3/4", W. 19 3/4", D. 16". (Courtesy, Albany Institute of History and Art; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 34  Side chair, New York, 1695-1730. Maple. H. 48", W. 18 3/8", D. 13 1/2". (Courtesy, Bergen County Historical Society.)

Figure 35  Armchair, New York, 1750-1780. Cherry. H. 47 1/2", W. 26", D. 21 1/2". (Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art, gift of the Wunsch Americana Foundation.)

Figure 36  Detail of the "HH" brand on the side chair illustrated in fig. 38.

Figure 37  Detail of the "HG" brand on the side chair illustrated in fig. 41. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 38  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with ash. H. 35 7/8", W. 18 1/2", D. 15". (Courtesy, Bayou Bend Collection, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, museum purchase with funds from the Houston Junior Woman's Club.)

Figure 39  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with ash. H. 34 7/8", W. 18 1/2", D. 15". (Courtesy, Historic Hudson Valley; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 40  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Red mulberry. H. 35 1/2", W. 17", D. 14 3/4". (Courtesy, American Museum in Britain.) The finials have lost their pointed tops.

Figure 41  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with unidentified secondary wood. H. 36 1/8", W. 18 3/4", D. 14 1/2". (Courtesy, New Jersey State Museum).

Figure 42  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Unidentified woods. H. 37", W. 18 1/2", Depth not recorded. (Anderson Art Galleries, Francis P. Garvan Collection, January 8-10, 1931, lot 107.)

Figure 43  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with white oak. H. 34 7/8", W. 17 3/4", D. 15 1/4". (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum.) The mate to this chair is illustrated in fig. 18.

Figure 44  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with unidentified secondary wood. H. 37 3/8", W. 18 1/8", Depth not recorded.
(Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 45  Side chair, New York, 1660-1720. Cherry with white oak. H. 34 3/8", W. 18 3/4", D. 16 1/8". (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum.)