?Figure 1 Carved panel depicting the interior of a woodworking shop, probably England, 1590– 1620. Oak. 14 1/2" x 28 1/2". (By permission of John Stent of Shere.) Figure 2 Cabinet attributed to the Symonds shops, Salem, Massachusetts, 1679. Red oak, black walnut, and maple with white pine. H. 16 3/8", W. 17", D. 9 1/2". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 3 Detail of the back of a drawer from the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. Tears from riving are present along the lower edge of the back. Figure 4 Chest, Boston, Massachusetts, 1660–1690. Oak, cedrella, and walnut with oak and white pine. H. 30 1/2", W. 45", D. 20 1/2". (Chipstone Foundation; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 5 Detail of the upper rear rail of the chest illustrated in fig. 4. Figure 6 Randle Holme, drawing of a “lath axe” (froe), England, ca. 1688. (Courtesy, British Library.) Figure 7 Workbench and tools illustrated on page 69 in the third edition of Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Excercises; or the Doctrine of Handy-works (1703). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Book and Periodical Collection.) Figure 8 Holdfasts and bench hook being used to position a board for planing. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 9 Bench hook being used to hold stock for planing. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 10 Detail of the bench hook marks on a seventeenth-century English box. Figure 11 Cupboard, Boston, Massachusetts, 1675–1690. Oak, walnut, maple, chestnut and cedar with oak and white pine. H. 55 5/8", W. 49 1/2", D. 21 3/4". (Chipstone Foundation; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 12 Back of the cupboard illustrated in fig. 11. The smoothing plane marks appear as concave undulations on the back panels. Figure 13 Randle Holme, drawing of a smoothing plane, England, ca. 1688. (Courtesy, British Library.) Figure 14 Smoothing plane, possibly New England, 1630–1700. Fruitwood and iron. L. 6 7/8". (Courtesy, Peabody Essex Museum.) Figure 15 “Round” plane being used to mold a strip of wood to be cut into pieces for corbels like those on the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. Figure 16 Detail of the right corbel and side of the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 17 Plow plane being used to cut a groove in a framing member. Figure 18 Planes and mortise chisel illustrated on plate 21 of Andres Felibien’s Des Principes de l’Architecture (Paris, 1676). (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum Library: Printed Book and Periodical Collection.) The plow plane is designated “M”. Figure 19 Detail of the door of the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2 showing the plowed groove. Figure 20 Detail of Annunciation Tryptich by Robert Campin and an assistant (possibly Roger van der Weyden), Netherlands, 1406– 1444. Oil on panel. Braces like the one shown here are still used today.(Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art.) Figure 21 Randle Holme, drawing of a brace and bit, England, ca. 1688. (Courtesy, British Library.) Figure 22 Detail showing the cross-section of a pair of the half-columns on the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. Figure 23 Turning blank for half-columns and completed workpiece. Figure 24 Chest attributed to John Thurston, Dedham or Medfield, Massachusetts, 1640–1650. Oak with pine. H. 313/8", W. 47 3/4", D. 21". (Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston; Otis Norcross Fund.) Figure 25 Detail of a carved panel on the chest illustrated in fig. 24. Figure 26 Side of a cabinet being carved. The workpiece is nailed to a board secured to the bench with holdfasts. The carving design duplicates that on the side of the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. Figure 27 Detail of the left pillar of the cupboard illustrated in fig. 11. Figure 28 Fragment of a cupboard attributed to the Savell shop, Braintree, Massachusetts, 1640–1670. (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 29 Detail of the door frame of the cupboard illustrated in fig. 28, showing the oVset of the draw-bored holes. Figure 30 Detail of the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2, showing a nail driven through the side into an interior partition. Figure 31 Detail showing the nails used to construct the drawers in the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. Figure 32 Detail showing the nail used to reinforce a split in the right side of the cabinet illustrated in fig. 2. Figure 33 Chest attributed to the Savell shop, Braintree, Massachusetts, 1660–1680. Oak with white pine. H. 24 9/16", W. 51 1/2", D. 20 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Dan Gair.) Figure 34 Chair table, southeastern Massachusetts, 1650–1700. Oak with pine and maple. Dimensions not recorded. (Private collection.) Figure 35 Detail showing a mortising mistake on the chair table illustrated in fig. 34. Figure 36 Chest attributed to John Norman, Sr., or Jr., Marblehead, Massachusetts, 1630–1680. Oak and pine. H. 27 3/4", W. 44 3/4", D. 20 3/8". (Chipstone Foundation; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) Figure 37 Detail showing a mortising mistake on the chest illustrated in fig. 36. |