Figure 1  Edward Wells, A New Map of the Most Considerable Plantations of the English in America, Oxford, England, 1700–1730. Engraving with watercolor on paper. 13 11/16" x 18 5/8". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc., Albert and June Lauzon Collection, gift of Mrs. June Lauzon.)

Figure 2  Thomas Cole, The Oxbow, 1836. Oil on canvas. 51 1/2" x 76". (Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art, gift of Mrs. Russell Sage, 1908.)

Figure 3  Detail of the tulip-and-leaf decoration on the chest illustrated in fig. 5. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 4  Detail of the carved center panel of the chest illustrated in fig. 63. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 5  Chest, Hatfield or Hadley, Massachusetts, 1715–1720. Soft maple, chestnut, and oak with white pine. H. 44 3/4", W. 45 5/8", D. 19 7/8". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc., gift of Dr. Ogden B. Carter Jr.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The paint is not original.

Figure 6  Cupboard, Hartford County, Connecticut, ca. 1680. Red oak, white oak, white pine, cedar, poplar, and maple. H. 56", W. 49 1/4", D. 20 5/16". (Courtesy, Yale University Art Gallery, gift of Charles Wyllys Betts.)

Figure 7  Detail of Tobias Conrad Letter, A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England, Augsburg, Germany, 1776. Engraving with watercolor wash on paper. 39 1/2" x 42". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc.) This map was based on another map drawn by Braddock Mead (alias John Green) and published by Thomas Jefferys, London, 1755.

Figure 8  Detail of the map illustrated in fig. 1.

Figure 9  Embroidery patterns illustrated in Giovanni Andre Valvassore’s Esemplario di lavrio (Venice, 1552) and Giovanni Ostaus’s Vera perfettiono del desegno (Venice, 1557). (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 10  Elizabeth White, sampler, Hatfield, Massachusetts, before 1688. Wool on linen. 13 3/4" x 6 3/4". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc.)

Figure 11  Chest attributed to Thomas Barber Sr., Windsor, Connecticut, 1640–1662. Oak with yellow pine and oak. H. 23 3/4", W. 54", D. 23 1/4". (Courtesy, Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, gift of Mrs. Catherine W. Hoyt; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The stiles have been shortened and the lid and till are missing.

Figure 12  Detail of the carving on the façade of the chest illustrated in fig. 11. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 13  Chest attributed to Thomas Barber Jr., Windsor or Simsbury, Connecticut, ca. 1662. Oak with yellow pine and oak. H. 28 5/8", W. 55 1/2", D. 24 1/4". (Courtesy, Connecticut Historical Society; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 14  Detail showing a spline used to join the lid boards of the chest illustrated in fig. 13. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 15  Detail of the carving on the left stile of the chest illustrated in fig. 13, showing the tessellated trefoil found in the same locations on all examples attributed to the Barber shop. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 16  Detail showing the carving on the upper rail and molding on the muntins and lid of the chest illustrated in fig. 13. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 17  Chart showing the genealogy of the Barber family.

Figure 18  Box attributed to Thomas Barber Sr., Windsor, Connecticut, before 1663. Oak. H. 4 3/8", W. 8 5/8", D. 5 1/4". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The lock is missing.

Figure 19  Detail showing the waxed linen lining on the bottom board of the box illustrated in fig. 18. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 20   Back of the box illustrated in fig. 18. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth).

Figure 21  Detail showing the carving on the inner surface of the lid of the box illustrated in fig. 18. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 22  Box attributed to Thomas Barber Sr., Windsor, Connecticut, before 1663. Woods and dimensions not recorded. (Wallace Nutting, Furniture Treasury, 2 vols. [Framingham, Mass.: Old America Co., 1928], 1: fig. 163.)

Figure 23  Box attributed to William Buell, Windsor, Connecticut, 1640–1681. Oak with pine. H. 8 1/2", W. 27", D. 18". (Courtesy, Oneida Historical Society, gift of Dr. Wales Buel.)

Figure 24  Chart showing the genealogy of the Buell family.

Figure 25  Chest, Windsor or Killingworth, Connecticut, ca. 1660. Woods and dimensions not recorded. (Luke Vincent Lockwood, Colonial Furniture in America, 2 vols. [New York: Castle Books, 1921], 1: 27, fig. 11.)

Figure 26  Box, Windsor or Killingworth, Connecticut, ca. 1660. Woods and dimensions not recorded. (Wallace Nutting, Furniture Treasury, 2 vols. [Framingham, Mass.: Old America Co., 1928], 1: fig. 158.)

Figure 27  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, before 1662. Woods and dimensions not recorded. (Luke Vincent Lockwood, Colonial Furniture in America, 2 vols. [New York: Castle Books, 1921], 1: 27, fig. 10.)

Figure 28  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1660. Oak. H. 24 1/2", W. 48 1/4", D. 19 3/4". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The lid and floor boards are replacements.

Figure 29  Detail showing the cross section of the left front stile of the chest illustrated in fig. 28. (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 30  Great chair, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1660. Oak. H. 47 1/2", W. 23 5/8", D. 17 3/4". (Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, gift of Aimee and Rosamond Lamb.) The feet, stretchers, and seat are replacements, and the paint is modern.

Figure 31  Chest attributed to John Rockwell III, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1700. Yellow pine and oak with yellow pine. H. 27", W. 49", D. 18". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc., gift of Thomas C. Frary in memory of Margery Collins Frary.)

Figure 32  Chart showing the genealogy of the Rockwell family.

Figure 33  Chart showing the genealogy of the Grant family.

Figure 34  Chest attributed to John Rockwell I or John Rockwell II, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1660. Oak. H. 27", W. 48", D. 19 3/4". (Courtesy, Yale University Art Gallery, Mabel Brady Garvan Collection.) The white pine lid is a replacement.

Figure 35  Chest attributed to John Rockwell I or John Rockwell II, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1660. Oak. H. 26 1/4", W. 48 1/2", D. 20 1/2".
(Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The lid is a replacement.

Figure 36  Detail of the chest illustrated in fig. 35, showing the angled convex molding and incised chevrons on the muntins of the façade.

Figure 37  Chest, probably Hartford County, Connecticut, ca. 1720. Tulip poplar. H. 23", W. 46", D. 17 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Nathan Liverant & Son Antiques, Inc.)

Figure 38  Box attributed to John Moore I, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1670. Oak with yellow pine. H. 8 1/2", W. 29", D. 15 1/2". (Courtesy, Metropolitan Museum of Art, gift of Mrs. Russell Sage.)

Figure 39  Detail showing the notch cut in the upper inside face of the back board of the box illustrated in fig. 38.

Figure 40 Chart showing the genealogy of the Moore family.

Figure 41  Table attributed to John Moore II or John Moore III, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1680. Oak. H. 31", W. 70", D. 32 3/4". (Courtesy, Connecticut Historical Society, gift of Harold G. Holcombe; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The top, pendants, and most of the brackets are replacements.

Figure 42  Detail of an end rail of the table illustrated in fig. 41, showing a flower head design laid out with gouge strikes. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 43  Chest attributed to Nathaniel Gaylord, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1680. Oak with yellow pine. H. 30 3/4", W. 46", D. 18 7/8". (Courtesy, Old Sturbridge Village; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 44  Detail showing the layout lines and carving on the drawer and façade rails of the chest illustrated in fig. 43. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 45  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1670. Oak with pine. H. 38 1/2", W. 44 3/4", D. 19 1/2". (Wallace Nutting, Furniture Treasury, 2 vols. [Framingham, Mass.: Old America Co., 1928], 1: fig. 11.)

Figure 46  Box, Windsor, Connecticut, 1670–1710. Oak. H. 8 5/8", W. 30 3/8", D. 15 7/8". (Courtesy, Windsor Historical Society, loan of Grace Episcopal Church.) The lid and bottom board are replacements.

Figure 47  Box, Windsor, Connecticut, 1670–1710. H. 9", W. 28 1/2", D. 15 1/4". Oak with pine. (Courtesy, Farmer’s Museum, Inc.)

Figure 48  Chart showing family genealogies pertinent to the box illustrated in fig. 47.

Figure 49  Box attributed to Jacob Drake, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1680. Oak. H. 9 5/8", W. 24 4/1", D. 20 1/4". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The hinges are replaced, and the paint may be a modern recreation of the original scheme.

Figure 50  Box, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1670. Oak. H. 9 ", W. 241/2", D. 18 7/8". (Courtesy, Antiquarian and Landmarks Society, Inc.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 51  Box, probably Springfield, Massachusetts, ca. 1700. Oak with yellow pine. H. 9 1/4", W. 25 1/4", D. 16 1/4". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 52  Chart showing family genealogies pertinent to the box illustrated in fig. 49.

Figure 53  Chest attributed to Thomas Dennis, Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1676. Red and white oak. H. 31 11/16", W. 49 5/8", D. 22 5/8". (Courtesy, Winterthur Museum.)

Figure 54  Chest, probably Suffield, Connecticut, ca. 1730. Woods and dimensions not recorded. (Clair Franklin Luther, The Hadley Chest [Hartford, Conn.: Case, Lockwood & Brainard Co., 1935], p. 103, no. 62.

Figure 55  Chart showing family genealogies pertinent to the chest illustrated in fig. 54 and the box illustrated in fig. 50.

Figure 56  Chest attributed to Aaron Cook, Windsor, Connecticut, or Northampton, Massachusetts, ca. 1660. Oak with yellow pine. H. 28", W. 56 1/2", D. 20". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The drawer is missing.

Figure 57  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, or Hampshire County, Massachusetts, ca. 1680. Oak with yellow pine. H. 30 1/4", W. 47", D. 18". (Courtesy, Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, gift of James A. Reed; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The drawer is missing.

Figure 58  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, or Hampshire County, Massachusetts, ca. 1680. Oak with yellow pine. H. 30 1/4", W. 47", D. 18". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The lid and lock are replacements.

Figure 59  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, or Hampshire County, Massachusetts, ca. 1680. Oak with yellow pine. H. 26 1/4", W. 51", D. 20 1/2". (Courtesy, Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, gift of Mary Wright Davis; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The drawer is missing.

Figure 60  Chart pertinent to the chests illustrated in figs. 56, 58, and 59.

Figure 61  Chest, Windsor, Connecticut, or Northampton, Massachusetts, ca. 1680. Yellow pine. Dimensions not recorded. (Courtesy,
Antiquarian and Landmarks Society, Inc.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)  

Figure 62  Chest attributed to Thomas Stoughton III or Thomas Stoughton IV, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1680. Oak with yellow pine. H. 39 1/2", W. 45 3/4", D. 19 3/4". (Courtesy, Connecticut Historical Society, gift of Thaddeus Mather; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 63  Chest attributed to Thomas Stoughton III or Thomas Stoughton IV, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1680. Oak with yellow pine. H. 41", W. 48", D. 20". (Courtesy, Historic Deerfield, Inc.; photo, Gavin Ashworth.) The lid has been altered.

Figure 64  Chest attributed to John Thurston, Dedham or Medfield, Massachusetts, 1660–1685. Oak with pine. H. 31 3/8", W. 47 3/4", D. 21". (Courtesy, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.)

Figure 65  Chart showing family genealogies pertinent to the furniture illustrated in figs. 62, 63, and 66.

Figure 66  Box attributed to Thomas Stoughton IV, Windsor, Connecticut, ca. 1695. Oak and yellow pine with yellow pine. H. 7 1/2", W. 29", D. 17 1/2". (Private collection; photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 67  Detail showing the lid, cleats, and till of the box illustrated in fig. 66. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 68  Detail of the carving on the box illustrated in fig. 66. (Photo, Gavin Ashworth.)

Figure 69  Chest attributed to Daniel White Jr., probably Hatfield, Massachusetts, ca. 1710. Maple with yellow pine. H. 45 1/4", W. 43 1/2", D. 19 3/4". (Courtesy, Wadsworth Atheneum, Wallace Nutting Collection, gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, by exchange and the Evelyn Bonar Storrs Trust Fund.)

Figure 70  Chart showing genealogies relevant to Daniel White, probable maker of the chest illustrated in fig. 69.