1. Thomas Sheraton, The Cabinet Dictionary, 2 vols. (1803; reprint, New York: Praeger, 1970), 1: 111; Thomas Chippendale, The Gentleman and Cabinet-Maker's Director (1762; reprint of 3rd ed., New York: Dover Publications, 1966), pls. 107–12; William Ince and John Mayhew, The Universal System of Household Furniture (1762; reprint, Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1960), pls. 16, 17; and [George] Hepplewhite, The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Guide (1794; reprint of 3rd ed., New York: Dover Publications, 1969), pls. 40–42. 2. Benjamin and George Bardine Bill to William Arnold, East Greenwich, Rhode Island, ca. 1780s, A. C. and R. W. Greene Collection, Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence (hereafter cited as RIHS). 3. Fenwick Lyell Account Book, Middletown, New Jersey, 1800–1813, account with John G. Coster, August 5, 1808, Monmouth County Historical Association, Freehold, New Jersey (hereafter cited as MCHA). 4. Sheraton, Cabinet Dictionary, 1: 111. Jeduthern Avery Account Book, Bolton/Coventry, Connecticut, 1811–1855, account with Shubael Brewster, June 1830, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford (hereafter cited as CHS). Samuel Douglas Account Book, New Hartford/Canton, Connecticut, 1810–1858, account with R. and H. Douglas, May 26, 1833, Connecticut State Library, Hartford (hereafter cited as CSL). Chapman Lee Ledger, Charlton, Massachusetts, 1799–1850, account with Nathaniel Blood, January 1802, Old Sturbridge Village, Sturbridge, Massachusetts (hereafter cited as OSV). John Sager Daybook, Bordentown, New Jersey, 1805–1817, account with Thomas Lawrence, September 8, 1809, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (hereafter cited as HSP). Job E. Townsend Daybook, Newport, Rhode Island, 1803–1828, account with Capt. John Bigley, ca. March 1819, Newport Historical Society, Newport, Rhode Island (hereafter cited as NHS). Job Danforth Ledger, Providence, Rhode Island, 1788–1818, account with Gershom Jones, December 13, 1792, RIHS. William Pigget Bill to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, August 23, 1792, Tucker-Coleman Collection, Swem Library, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia (hereafter cited as W&M). Sewell Tuck Bill to Capt. William Bartlett, Beverly, Massachusetts, November 27, 1772, Papers of William Bartlett, Beverly Historical Society, Beverly, Massachusetts (hereafter BHS). 5. Luke Houghton Ledger, Barre, Massachusetts, 1816–1827, account with John Bacon, June 25, 1821, Barre Historical Society, Barre, Massachusetts. Job Townsend Jr. Ledger, Newport, Rhode Island, 1750–1778, account with Matthew Cozzens, October 28, 1751, NHS. Job E. Townsend Ledger, Newport, Rhode Island, 1778–1794, accounts with Mrs. Ann Harrison, September 8, 1786, and Constant Taber, July 1, 1791, NHS; Job E. Townsend Daybook, Newport, Rhode Island, 1778–1803, account with Capt. Simon Davis, September 3, 1799, NHS; J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1803–1828, account with Solomon Southwick, October 30, 1824. Daniel Trotter Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, June 21, 1787, Girard Papers, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. Alexander Edwards Bills to Daniel Crosby, Boston, May 21, 1781, and April 28, 1785, Greenough Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston (hereafter cited as MHS). J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Edward Stanhope, May 17, 1786, and Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Rouse Potter, September 14, 1786, and Daybook, 1803–1828, account with Lydia Barney, October 18, 1809 (nubs). Miles Ward Ledger, Salem, Massachusetts, 1751–1771, account with John Petman (Pitman?), October 13, 1756, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts (hereafter cited as PEM). 6. Oliver Avery Account Book, North Stonington, Connecticut, 1789–1813, account with Nathaniel Hewitt, February 3, 1798, Joseph Downs Collection of Manuscripts and Printed Ephemera, Winterthur Museum, Winterthur, Delaware (hereafter cited as DCM). James Gere Ledger, Groton, Connecticut, 1822–1852, account with George Harvey, September 13, 1831, CSL. Isaiah Tiffany Account Book, Norwich, Connecticut, 1746–1767, account with Matthew Simpson, January 21, 1758, CHS. David Evans Daybook, Philadelphia, 1774–1781, account with Rachel Atmore, November 27, 1777, HSP. Hiram Taylor Account Book, Chester County, Pennsylvania, 1828–1855, account with John Tucker, August 8, 1836, DCM. Elisha Harlow Holmes Daybook, Essex, Connecticut, 1825–1830, account with Bela Comstock, December 18, 1826, CSL. 7. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with William Harrison, August 11, 1780; J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Mr. or Mrs. Brown, March 10, 1780. Reed and Hollis Bill to John Devereux, Esq., Salem, Massachusetts, September 14, 1835, Waters Family Papers, PEM. Philip Warren Bill to Thomas Cadwalader, Philadelphia, February 14, 1824, Cadwalader Papers, Gen. Thomas Cadwalader, HSP. 8. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with John Hadwen, May 31, 1783. John Townsend Jr. Daybook, Newport, Rhode Island, 1762–1778, account with John Wanton, June 16, 1765, NHS. Lyell Account Book, account with John G. Coster, October 25, 1808. 9. Alexander Edwards Bill to Daniel Crosby, Boston, May 21, 1781, Greenough Papers. Danforth Ledger, account with Isaac Pearce, July 8, 1804. Lyell Account Book, account with Lenox and Matland, May 4, 1804. Thomas J. Moyers and Fleming K. Rich Account Book, Wytheville, Virginia, 1834–1840, account with Robert Kent, May 3, 1837, DCM. 10. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, accounts with Thomas Roberson, February 10, 1779, and John Perry, May 19, 1781; J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1803–1828, account with Solomon Southwick, October 30, 1824. Josiah P. Wilder Daybook and Ledger, New Ipswich, New Hampshire, 1837–1861, account with James Bancroft, May 30, 1838, private collection (typescript, Visual Resources Collection, Winterthur Museum). William Raymond Bill to Robert Rantoul, Beverly, Massachusetts, March 1819, Papers of Robert Rantoul, BHS. O. Avery Account Book, account with Gilbert Sisson, October 30, 1807. 11. Advertisement of John Marshall, City Gazette and Daily Advertiser (Charleston, S.C.), February 17, 1796, as quoted in The Arts and Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland, and South Carolina, 1786–1800, compiled by Alfred Coxe Prime (Topsfield, Mass.: Walpole Society, 1932), pp. 190–91. 12. Silas E. Cheney Ledger, Litchfield, Connecticut, 1799–1817, account with Tapping Reeve, January 26, 1802, Litchfield Historical Society, Litchfield, Connecticut (hereafter cited as LHS). John Hockaday Bill to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, January 12, 1807, Tucker-Coleman Collection. Jacob Brouwer Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, December 6, 1808, Nicholas Low Collection, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (hereafter cited as LC). Elisha Harlow Holmes Ledger, Essex, Connecticut, 1825–1830, account with Ezra Marther, October 15, 1829, CHS; E. H. Holmes Daybook, 1825–1830, account with Capt. Mason, August 10, 1829. Paul Jenkins Daybook, Kennebunk, Maine, 1836–1841, account with Barnabas Palmer, December 27, 1838, DCM. Thomas Boynton Ledger, Windsor, Vermont, 1810–1817, account with Frederick Pettes, July 18, 1814, Dartmouth College Library, Hanover, New Hampshire (hereafter cited as DC). Lyell Account Book, accounts with Ezra Sargeant, November 1, 1809, Robert R. Golet, January 18, 1804, and Henry A. Coster, July 11, 1808. Elizur Barnes Account Book, Middletown, Connecticut, 1821–1825, account with William Woodward, July 13, 1822, Middletown Historical Society, Middletown, Connecticut. Lyell Account Book, account with Henry A. Coster, July 11, 1808. 13. Lyell Account Book, account with Charles L. Camman, May 22, 1805; Prices of Cabinet and Chair Work (1772; reprint, Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2005), p. 31. 14. Danforth Ledger, account with Philip Crapo, November 7, 1796. Isaac Greene (storekeeper) Ledger, Windsor, Vermont, 1788–1800, account with Hezekiah Healy (woodworker), July 29, 1790, Nathan Stone Collection, Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier. Abner Taylor Account Book, Lee, Massachusetts, 1806–1832, account with James Whiton, April 16, 1816, DCM. Abraham S. Egerton Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, March 10, 1824, Low Collection. Walter Nichols Bill to Dr. Isaac Senter, Newport, Rhode Island, June 1784, as published in Joseph K. Ott, "Recent Discoveries among Rhode Island Cabinetmakers and Their Work," Rhode Island History 28, no. 1 (February 1969): 8. William Webb IV Bill to Joseph G. Waters, Salem, Massachusetts, August 29, 1833, Waters Family Papers. 15. Silas E. Cheney Daybook, Litchfield, Connecticut, 1807–1813, account with Isaac Baldwin, September 16, 1809, LHS. Robert C. Scadin Ledger, Cooperstown, New York, 1829–1831, account with Damon Hatch, October 20, 1830, New York State Historical Association, Cooperstown, New York (hereafter cited as NYSHA). Seth R. Kneeland Bills to James Beekman, New York, January 30, 1792, and October 1, 1791, White-Beekman Papers, New-York Historical Society, New York (hereafter cited as N-YHS). I. Greene Ledger, account with Hezekiah Healy, August 27, 1790, Stone Collection. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Joshua Crandel, July 24, 1795. Danforth Ledger, accounts with Rufus Waterman, March 18, 1805, and April 18, 1806. Stephanus Knight Account Book, Enfield, Connecticut, 1795–1809, accounts with Henry Terry, July 27, 1806, and Samuel Reynolds, December 12, 1798, CHS. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with Eliakim Spooner, May 14, 1813. Jenkins Daybook, account with Nathaniel Jeffords, May 9, 1840. 16. Henry Connelly Bills to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, June 22, 1810, November 12, 1811, May 26, 1812, and May 30, 1817, Girard Papers. William Webb IV Bill to Joseph G. Waters, Salem, Massachusetts, November 19, 1831, Waters Family Papers. E. H. Holmes Daybook, 1825–1830, account with Alvin I. Whitmore, March 5, 1827. 17. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with John Hadwen, May 28, 1783. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Constant Taber, March 14, 1791. Daniel Ross Account Book, Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1781–1804, account with James Burnham, June 27, 1787, PEM. 18. Perez Austin Account Book, Canterbury, Connecticut, 1811–1832, account with Thomas B. Pellit, September 1823, CHS. Barnes Account Book, account with G. W. Hanley, Esq., October 1, 1821. Allen Holcomb Account Book, New Lisbon, New York, 1809–ca. 1828, account with Dr. Walter Wing, June 16, 1825, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 19. Robert Cockburn Account Book, King George County and Orange County (1773 and later), Virginia, 1767–1777, account with Mr. Smith, February 1774, DCM. Townsend Goddard Bill to Christopher Champlin, Newport, Rhode Island, August 11, 1786, Wetmore Papers, MHS. Edward Slead Account Book, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, 1797–1827, account with Jonathan Peckham, December 19, 1808, Baker Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (hereafter cited as BL). Stephen Sweet Bill to Albert C. Greene, East Greenwich, Rhode Island, March 28, 1815, Greene Collection. Thomas Safford Ledger, Canterbury, Connecticut, 1807–1835, account with Daniel Downing, June 8, 1821, CSL. John Ellinger Account Book, Palmyra, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, 1823–1845, account with John Wolferspergen, May 10, 1833, Landis Valley Museum, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 20. Hepplewhite, Guide, p. 9. 21. E. H. Holmes Daybook, 1825–1830, account with H. Mather, November 14, 1826. Holcomb Account Book, account with Willard Coy, August 10, 1825. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Joseph L. Smith, June 4, 1810. 22. Michael Bouvier Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, October 7, 1827, Girard Papers. Moyers and Rich Account Book, account with James R. Miller, March 1, 1837. Arlene Palmer, Glass in Early America (New York: W. W. Norton for the Winterthur Museum, 1993), p. 397. 23. John Collins Bill to Richard Blow, Portsmouth, Virginia, December 12, 1807, Richard Blow Papers, W&M. Friedrich Bastian Account Book, Bethel Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, 1802–1829, account with Miss Thompson(?), July 15, 1819, DCM. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with Charles Marsh, Esq., July 10, 1816. 24. Lyell Account Book, account with Samuel Ogden, April 6, 1809. Thomas Sheraton, The Cabinet-Maker and Upholsterer's Drawing-Book (1793; reprint, New York: Dover Publications, 1972), pl. 50 and p. 407; and The Cabinet-Makers' London Book of Prices and Designs of Cabinet Work (1793; reprint of 2nd ed., Leeds, Eng.: Furniture History Society, 1982, as volume 18 of Furniture History Journal), pl. 23, right, and pp. 85–87. Advertisement of Fenwick Lyell, New-York Gazette and the General Advertiser, March 22, 1797, as quoted in The Arts and Crafts in New York, 1777–1799, compiled by Rita Susswein Gottesman (New York: New-York Historical Society, 1954), p. 123. 25. Isaac Vose Bill to Caleb Davis, Boston, May 10, 1791, Caleb Davis Papers, MHS. Joel Mount Ledger, Juliustown, New Jersey, 1829–1865, account with Samuel Ellis, November 19, 1842, HSP. Reed and Hollis Bill to John Devereux, Esq., Salem, Massachusetts, September 14, 1835, Waters Family Papers. 26. John G. Hopkins Bill to Richard W. Greene, Esq., Providence, Rhode Island, July 16, 1830, Greene Papers. Felix Huntington Account Sheet, Norwich, Connecticut, 1775–1784, account with Col. Joshua Huntington, February 24, 1777, DCM. Jenkins Daybook, account with Dr. B. Smart, May 10, 1839. Lyell Account Book, account with Thomas L. Ogden, May 15, 1804. 27. Phillip Filer Account Book, near Rome, New York, 1798–1839, account with Matthew Brown, March 5, 1802, DCM. David Pritchard Jr. Account Book, Waterbury, Connecticut, 1827–1838, account with [first name unknown] Bisby, September 18, 1837, Mattatuck Museum, Waterbury, Connecticut. Barnes Account Book, account with Samuel Starr, December 30, 1823. (Vermont) I. Greene Ledger, account with Hezekiah Healy, November 15, 1790, Stone Collection; (Virginia) John Hockaday Bill to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, October 25, 1806, Tucker-Coleman Collection; Pennell Beale Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, September 24, 1791, Henry Knox Papers, Maine Historical Society, Portland (hereafter cited as MeHS). Howard Smith Account Book, New Haven, Connecticut, 1844–1849, account with Seth Calhoun, April 31, 1844, CHS. Nathaniel Holmes Account Book, Kingston, Massachusetts, 1801–1813, account with Jedidiah Holmes, Esq., January 5, 1803, DCM. Lyell Account Book, account with Thomas Liddle, December 21, 1805. Robert Kennedy Bill to William Barrell, Philadelphia, ca. early 1770s, Stephen Collins Papers, LC. 28. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with Eliakim Spooner, September 4, 1812. William G. Beesley Daybook, Salem, New Jersey, 1828–1841, account with Benjamin Archer, December 21, 1829, Salem County Historical Society, Salem, New Jersey. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Frederick Wolcott, April 15, 1801. Walter Nichols Bill to Dr. Isaac Senter, Newport, Rhode Island, June 1790, as published in Ott, "Recent Discoveries," p. 8. Barnes Account Book, account with William Williams, July 12, 1823. Daniel Trotter Account Sheet, Philadelphia, 1785–1798, account with Benjamin Thaw, July 20, 1787, DCM. 29. Thomas Tufft Bill to Mary Norris, Philadelphia, August 1778, Norris of Fairhill Manuscripts, Family Accounts, HSP. Solomon Cole Account Book, Glastonbury, Connecticut, 1794–1809, account with George Talcott, October 31, 1801, CHS. 30. Samuel Davison Ledger, Plainfield, Massachusetts, 1795–1824, account with Psalter Searles for "hanging a Chest," February 1796, Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield, Massachusetts. Elisha Hawley Account Book, Ridgefield, Connecticut, 1781–1805, account with Capt. James Scott, April 31, 1797, CHS. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Daniel Weatherly, October 23, 1790. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1803–1828, accounts with Isaac Stoddard, August 22, 1818, and December 11, 1817. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with J. Hill, March 19, 1785. Peter Ranck Account Book, Jonestown, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, 1794–1817, account with George Merk, 1795, account book as published in The Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, edited and translated by Alan G. Keyser, Larry M. Neff, and Frederick S. Weiser, Sources and Documents of the Pennsylvania Germans, no. 3 (Breinigsville, Pa.: Pennsylvania German Society, 1978), p. 49. 31. Samuel Durand Daybook, Milford, Connecticut, 1806–1838, account with Henry Bull, November 15, 1814, Milford Historical Society, Milford, Connecticut (hereafter cited as MiHS). Timothy Loomis Account Book, Windsor, Connecticut, 1768–1804, account with Hannah Moore, 1770, CHS. Titus Preston Ledger, Wallingford, Connecticut, 1795–1817, account with Jared Alling, April 3, 1806, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut (hereafter cited as SL). George Claypoole Bill to Samuel Meredith, Philadelphia, April 10, 1773, Clymer-Meredith-Read Papers, New York Public Library, New York City (hereafter cited as NYPL). 32. Titus Preston Ledger, Wallingford, Connecticut, 1811–1842, account with Samuel Tuttle, January 1819, SL. Douglas Account Book, accounts with Miss Mary Embry, July 28, 1812, and Benjamin Palmiter, March 21, 1815. Knight Account Book, account with Zebulon Pease, November 1, 1802. 33. O. Avery Account Book, accounts with Gilbert Smith Jr., July 5, 1793, and Rachel Frishy, June 29, 1789. David Haven Account Book, Framingham, Massachusetts, 1785–1800, account with Richard Smith, January 1797, DCM. John Durand Account Book, Milford, Connecticut, 1760–1783, account with Mr. Lounsbery, April 18, 1764, MiHS. A. Taylor Account Book, account with Jonathan Foot, ca. 1814. J. Avery Account Book, account with Percy Haskins, June 1824. 34. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Robert Taylor, August 27, 1783. John Hockaday Bill to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, May 20, 1807, Tucker-Coleman Collection. 35. Joseph Lindsey Ledger, Marblehead, Massachusetts, 1739–1764, account with Christopher Bubier, January 12, 1743, DCM. J. Townsend Jr. Daybook, 1762–1778, account with Thomas Weaver, December 29, 1767. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Daniel Huntington, May 20, 1808. Reuben Loomis Account Book, Windsor/Suffield, Connecticut, 1796–1836, account with John W. Hanchett, June 1811, CHS. William Proud Ledger, Providence, Rhode Island, 1770–1779, account with Joseph Martin, March 7, 1776, RIHS. Davison Ledger, account with Samuel Brown, December 1801. Jacob Sass Bill to Peter Trezevant, Charleston, South Carolina, January 11, 1805, as quoted in Bradford L. Rauschenberg and John Bivins Jr., The Furniture of Charleston, 1680–1820, Frank L. Horton Series, 3 vols. (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Old Salem/Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts, 2003), 3: 1207. Alexander Low Account Book, Freehold, New Jersey, 1784–1826, account with Gordon Forman, July 6, 1798, MCHA. 36. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Caleb Bacon, January 2, 1801. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with John Hadwen, March 31, 1783. Danforth Ledger, account with Amos Throop, May 2, 1798. George Merrifield Account Book, Albany, New York, 1831–1847, account with D. Lathrop, March 16, 1837, DCM. Houghton Ledger, account with Dr. Samuel Gates, October 13, 1824. 37. Daniel Trotter Bill to Samuel Coates, Philadelphia, January 3, 1788, Reynell and Coates Collection, BL. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with Caleb Parsons, July 19, 1798. Asa Jones Account Book, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 1790–1840, account with James Perkins, February 17, 1795, DCM; Bastian Account Book, account with James Wetch (Welch?), March 7, 1814. Ross Account Book, account with Samuel Wade, December 15, 1823. Merrifield Account Book, account with N. Sanford, December 4, 1832. 38. Jones Account Book, account with James Perkins, February 17, 1795. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with John Allen, Esq., November 2, 1801. Moses Parkhurst Account Book, Paxton, Massachusetts, 1814–1839, accounts with Samuel Slade, May 3, 1821, and Capt. David Davis, March 17, 1817, OSV. Oliver Moore Account Book, East Granby, Connecticut, 1808–1821, account with Benjamin Harger, April 1810, CHS. Douglas Account Book, account with Josiah Goodsell, May 12, 1823. Holcomb Account Book, account with Benjamin Hull(?), July 5, 1819. Hawley Account Book, account with Mr. Burnet, March 12, 1795. Joseph Symonds Account Book, Salem, Massachusetts, 1738–1766, account with Joseph Hogars(?), August 4, 1748, PEM. Lemuel Tobey Daybook, Dartmouth, Massachusetts, 1773–1785, account with Capt. Thomas Hathaway, September 22, 1774, OSV. Slead Account Book, account with John Smith, March 28, 1801. 39. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Theophilus Topham, March 23, 1789. Abner Haven Account Book, Framingham, Massachusetts, 1809–1830, account with Aaron Coolidge, April 1821, DCM. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, accounts with John Franklin, March 31, 1785, and Capt. James Webb, December 7, 1782. Jacob Bachman Daybook, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1822–1861, account with Isaac McCalister, May 6, 1831, DCM. 40. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with John Allen, Esq., November 2, 1801. Low Account Book, account with Gordon Forman, July 6, 1798. Townsend Goddard Bill to Christopher Champlin, Newport, Rhode Island, November 18, 1786, Wetmore Papers. 41. J. Avery Account Book, account with Archibald Barrett, December 1824. Barnes Account Book, account with Mary Bement, August 28, 1821. Moore Account Book, account with George Griswold, January 16, 1818. Nathaniel Dominy V Account Book and Daybook, East Hampton, Long Island, New York, 1798–1847, account with Jeremiah Miller, October 4, 1819, DCM (all Nathaniel Dominy references, courtesy of Charles F. Hummel). 42. Low Account Book, account with Elisha Walton, February 8, 1799. James Francis Account Book, Wethersfield, Connecticut, 1797–1835, account with Nathan W. Pelton, ca. 1822–1826, CHS. Danforth Ledger, account with Stephen Jackson, June 17, 1801. Silas E. Cheney Daybook, Litchfield, Connecticut, 1802–1807, account with Tapping Reeve, July 14, 1802, LHS. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Benjamin Tallmadge, April 20, 1811. J. B. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Samuel Simpson, September 11, 1802. 43. Public auction advertisements, New-York Gazette, and the Weekly Mercury, October 6, 1777, and August 18, 1783, as quoted in Gottesman, comp., Arts and Crafts in New York, 1777–1799, pp. 132, 134. Advertisements of John Marshall, South Carolina State Gazette (Charleston), October 31, 1795, and South Carolina Gazette (Charleston), July 12, 1796; and advertisements of Jonathan Gostelowe, Pennsylvania Packet (Philadelphia), January 16, 1793, and Independent Gazetteer (Philadelphia), May 18, 1793, both as quoted in Prime, comp., Arts and Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland, and South Carolina, 1786–1800, pp. 190–91 and 179–80, respectively. 44. London Book of Prices (1793), as reproduced in Furniture History (1982): 5–9. Hepplewhite, Guide, pls. 76 (top), 77. 45. Bureau forms are described in documents surveyed for this study as follows. A paneled-end case is in Nathaniel Knowlton Account Book, Eliot, Maine, 1812–1831, account with Benjamin Lamson, August 18, 1814, MeHS. Columned bureaus are in Samuel Ashton Account Book, Philadelphia, 1794–1803, credit listings for Richard Sweden, May 9 and June 6, 1795, DCM; in Henry Connelly Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, August 5, 1817, Girard Papers; and in Scadin Ledger, inventory of property assigned to William H. Averell, December 30, 1830. A half-columned bureau is in H. Taylor Account Book, credit listing for John Baldwin, January 4, 1836. A dressing bureau is in Scadin Ledger, 1829–1831, inventory of property assigned to William H. Averell, December 30, 1830. A bureau with a dresser top is in Jenkins Daybook, account with William Russell, September 4, 1839. Bureaus with a case on top, an ornamented backboard, or a front projection are in Knowlton Account Book, accounts with Joseph Nash, April 28, 1830, Capt. John Smith, April 14, 1827, and Samuel Hill, June 11, 1829, respectively. A prospect-front bureau is in Holcomb Account Book, credit listing for Ezra Bryan, November 24, 1827. The Joseph Meeks and Sons broadside advertisement is illustrated in Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825–1861, edited by Catherine Hoover Voorsanger and John K. Howat (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000), p. 517. 46. Ornamental embellishments on bureaus are described in documents surveyed for this study as follows. Cock beading and stringing are in S. Ashton Account Book, credit listings for Richard Sweden, May 9, 1795, and Samuel Howel, ca. March 1802, respectively. Carved feet are in Robert C. Scadin Daybook, Cooperstown, New York, 1829–1831, credit listing for Joseph Shipley, July 21, 1831, NYSHA. Crossbanding is in Knowlton Account Book, account with Benjamin Lamson, October 5, 1812. Glass trimmings are in Gere Ledger, account with Giles Gallup, March 21, 1834. Cut-glass knobs are in H. Taylor Account Book, account with David Rickabaugh, April 29, 1836. 47. Wood choices for bureaus are described in documents surveyed for this study as follows. A full mahogany bureau is in Nathaniel Safford Bill to Robert Rantoul, Salem, Massachusetts, March 11, 1801, Rantoul Papers. A mahogany-front bureau is in Moyers and Rich Account Book, account with John Johnston, May 10, 1834. A mahogany bureau with cherry ends is in Scadin Ledger, 1829–1831, inventory of property assigned to William H. Averill, December 30, 1830. A cherry bureau is in Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with N. Perkins, July 21, 1813. A curled maple bureau is in J. Avery Account Book, account with Ezekiel Richardson, April 1815. An ornamented pine bureau is in Barnes Account Book, account with Chauncey Whittlesay, July 22, 1824. A birch bureau is in Knowlton Account Book, account with Capt. John Smith, April 14, 1827. A butternut bureau is in Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Joel Munger, December 21, 1812. A whitewood-end bureau is in Barnes Account Book, credit listing for Samuel Starr, November 1, 1823. Gere Ledger, account with Moses A. Peirce of Norwich, August 3, 1829. 48. William Rawson Account Book, Killingly, Connecticut, 1835–1841, account with Ezekiel Mowrey, July 6, 1836, OSV. Moyers and Rich Account Book, account with John C. Crockett, May 3, 1834. Dominy Account Book and Ledger, account with Jeremiah Miller, May 10, 1819. Barnes Account Book, account with Sylvester Willcox, November 24, 1823. Knowlton Account Book, credit listing for Benjamin Lamson, July 5, 1814. 49. George Short Account Book, Newburyport, Massachusetts, ca. 1807–1821, account with Mrs. Phyllis Small, August 11, 1807, PEM. Moyers and Rich Account Book, accounts with Robert Kent, January 23, 1839, and James R. Miller, March 6, 1839. Bastian Account Book, accounts with Matthew McClure, March 30, 1813, and Washington Russell, April 22, 1819. John T. Ball Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, November 30, 1809, Low Collection; Solomon Sibley Ledger, Ward, Massachusetts, 1793–1840, account with Adolphus Edson, January 24, 1805, OSV. Alexander Taylor Bill to Richard Blow, Petersburg, Virginia, March 12, 1814, Blow Family Papers, W&M. John G. Hopkins Bill to Richard W. Greene, Esq., Providence, Rhode Island, May 25, 1830, Greene Collection. 50. E. H. Holmes Ledger, 1825–1830, account with Selah Griswold, July 20, 1828. Moore Account Book, account with Harvey Thrall, April 28, 1820. Elijah Sanderson Bill to Ezra Northey, Salem, Massachusetts, October 30, 1821, Northey Family Papers, PEM. Benjamin Ellery Bill to Estate of Eliakim Prindall, Gloucester, Massachusetts, May 1820, Papers of Daniel Rogers Jr., PEM. True Currier Account Book, Deerfield, New Hampshire, 1815–1838, account with Oliver Nichols of Kingstown, February 1819, DCM. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Capt. William Gardner, September 3, 1799. Handles listed in Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Benjamin Tallmadge, April 20, 1811. Escutcheons, key, locks, and a set of knobs listed in Barnes Account Book, account with John Bound, September 20, 1821. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with Ishmael Tukesbury, July 21, 1814. Pennell Beale Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, September 24, 1791, Knox Papers. Jenkins Daybook, account with John B. Taylor, September 25, 1838. 51. Abraham S. Egerton Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, February 16, 1824, Low Collection. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Benjamin Tallmadge, April 20, 1811. Gere Ledger, 1822–1852, account with Capt. Park Avery, April 26, 1824. Barnes Account Book, accounts with George W. Stanley, September 9, 1821 (cleaning and varnishing), and Capt. Horace Clark, May 15, 1823 (planing and varnishing). Leonard R. and James R. Proctor Ledger and Daybook, Hartwick, New York, accounts with John T. Cause, August 26, 1835, and Elizur Smith, August 25, 1835, NYSHA. Thomas Boynton Ledger, Windsor, Vermont, 1817–1847, account with Uriel Cummings, April 16, 1844, DC. 52. A. Haven Account Book, account with Levi Metcalf, October 1810. Ranck Account Book, account with Henry Frank, December 17, 1802, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, p. 205. John Scolley and Josiah L. White Account Book, Newtown, Connecticut, 1808–1811, account with Asa Rogers, June 20, 1809, DCM. Austin Account Book, account with Walter Eaton, February 1831. I. Greene Ledger, account with Elias Savage, March 2, 1791, Stone Collection. "Skipper" Lunt Account Book, Newbury, Massachusetts, 1736–1772, account with Lemuel Fowler, October 1767, PEM. Bachman Account Book, account with David Graff, June 14, 1840. Peter Emerson Daybook, Reading, Massachusetts, 1749–1759, account with his father (unnamed), March 22, 1756, Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts. 53. Douglas Account Book, account with R. and H. Douglas, January 14, 1833. Houghton Ledger, accounts with Dr. Anson Bates, September 15, 1820 (cupboard turns), and widow Abigail Wheeler, July 14, 1824 (cupboard back). Parkhurst Account Book, account with Nathaniel Lakin (Larkin?), February 4, 1825. Low Account Book, account with Job Emmons, February 11, 1801. Moyers and Rich Account Book, account with Nicholas Ogilsby, July 25, 1834. A. Taylor Account Book, account with Nathaniel Bassett, January 23, 1816. Lee Ledger, account with Orlean Prince, April 24, 1820. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Thomas Mumford, January 1789. Hawley Account Book, account with Moses Ingersoll, August 14, 1794. M. Ward Ledger, account with Capt. Ebenezer Bowditch, September 1735. 54. Enos Reynolds Daybook, Boxford, Massachusetts, 1793–1840, account with Jonas Reynolds, July 31, 1815, PEM. Charles C. Robinson Daybook, Philadelphia, 1809–1825, account with Christian Young, March 30, 1814, HSP. Sophia Roorbach Receipt Book, New York, 1810–1852, account with Abberley and Hartley, April 8, 1839, Duykinck Collection, NYPL. Moore Account Book, account with Henry Kent, January 1809. 55. M. Ward Ledger, account with Capt. Benjamin Pickman, August 1832; Emerson Daybook, account with his father (unnamed), March 22, 1756. Beesley Daybook, account with Elizabeth Hopman, May 20, 1834. Bastian Account Book, account with Reven (the Reverend?) McClure, October 27, 1819. 56. Dressers and their contents are discussed in Benno M. Forman, "German Influences in Pennsylvania Furniture," in Arts of the Pennsylvania Germans, edited by Catherine E. Hutchins (New York: W. W. Norton for the Winterthur Museum, 1983), pp. 155–56; and Nancy Goyne Evans, "Everyday Things: From Rolling Pins to Trundle Bedsteads," in American Furniture 2003, edited by Luke Beckerdite (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2003), pp. 30–31. 57. Dressers located in the kitchen are identified as follows. Ranck Account Book, account with Valentine Schaufler, July 20, 1798, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, p. 93. Bastian Account Book, account with Henry Arfen (Arson?), April 2, 1814; and Robert Parrish Bill to Stephen Collins, Philadelphia, 1769, Collins Papers. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Robert Taylor, June 23, 1785. Sager Daybook, account with Moore Edwards, July 10, 1810. Bachman Daybook, account with Jacob Smith, February 23, 1827. Moody Carr Account Book, Rockingham County, New Hampshire, 1800–1815, accounts with John Mudget, June 30, 1807, and Benjamin Choate, May 24, 1806, OSV. D. Haven Account Book, account with Levi Metcalf, June 1789. 58. Lee Ledger, account with George W. Eddy, December 1818. 59. Letter from John Hewitt, Savannah, Georgia, to Mathias Bruen, New York, January 30, 1802, Hewitt Letters, DCM. 60. Daniel Trotter Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, July–October 1792, Girard Papers. John Hockaday Bills to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, June 22 and July 24, 1805, Tucker-Coleman Collection. S. and J. Rawson Bill to Richard W. Greene, Esq., Providence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1839, Greene Collection. Charles H. White Bill to James J. Skerrett, Philadelphia, November 15, 1831, Loudoun Papers, Papers of James J. Skerrett, HSP. Pritchard Account Book, account with [first name unknown] Bisby, September 18, 1837. George Claypoole Bill to Samuel Meredith, Philadelphia, November 9, 1790, Clymer-Meredith-Read Papers. William Savery Bill to Joseph Pemberton, Philadelphia, January 10, 1775, Pemberton Papers, HSP. J. A. Moricet Bill to Arthur Bronson, New York, November 1, 1839, Bronson Papers, NYPL. 61. Huntington Account Sheet, accounts with Col. Joshua Huntington, June 10 and November 12, 1782. Walter Nichols and Samuel Ward Bills to Dr. Isaac Senter, ca. February 1790 and June 1, 1791, respectively, as published in Ott, "Recent Discoveries," pp. 8, 9. 62. Philemon Robbins Account Book, Hartford, Connecticut, 1833–1836, account with Timothy Sheldon, CHS. Barnes Account Book, account with Mrs. Esther Williams, October 18, 1821. Jacob Brouwer Bills to Nicholas Low, New York, January 18 and February 17, 1798, Low Collection. Peter Douglass Bill to Samuel Meredith, Philadelphia, October 2, 1802, Clymer-Meredith-Read Papers. 63. Robert McConachy Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, November 8, 1808, Low Collection. Lyell Account Book, account with John B. Graves, February 18, 1805. Danforth Ledger, account with James Burrel Jr., Esq., August 2, 1802. Barnes Account Book, account with Josiah Williams, May 4, 1822. 64. Scadin Daybook, 1829–1831, account with B. Sparrow, June 6, 1829. Lyell Account Book, account with John B. Graves, February 13, 1805. John Collins Bill to Richard Blow, Portsmouth, Virginia, December 12, 1807, Blow Papers. Barnes Account Book, account with Josiah Williams, January 9, 1823. Elisha Adams Bill to David S. Greenough, Boston, January 1809, Greenough Papers. Gifford and Scotland Bill to Walter Livingston, New York, March 12, 1792, Livingston Papers, N-YHS. A bolt is listed in Abraham S. Egerton Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, February 16, 1824, Low Collection. Ketches are listed in Barnes Account Book, account with Josiah Williams, January 9, 1823. Turn buckles are listed in Pennell Beale Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, September 24, 1791, Knox Papers. Jacob Sass Bill to Peter Trezevant, Charleston, South Carolina, June 11, 1805, as quoted in Rauschenberg and Bivins, Furniture of Charleston, 3: 1207. 65. Pennell Beale Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, September 24, 1791, Knox Papers. Robbins Account Book, account with John A. Tainter, June 13, 1834. Jenkins Daybook, account with William Lord, December 28, 1837. Thomas Needham Bill to Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, January 8, 1825, Papers of Robert Manning, PEM. Henry Hubon Bill to Mrs. Barton, Salem, Massachusetts, January 10, 1821, Papers of Samuel and John Barton, PEM. Porter Russell Bill to Capt. Edmund Kimball, Newburyport, Massachusetts, March 30, 1818, Kimball Family Papers, PEM. Merrifield Account Book, account with Mr. Ferguson, May 2, 1832. Scadin Ledger, 1829–1831, account with Calvin Graves, August 18, 1830. Barry and Krickbaum Bill to John Cadwalader, Esq., Philadelphia, June 11, 1836, Cadwalader Papers, Judge John Cadwalader. Elizabeth de Hart Bleecker Diary, New York, 1799–1806, entry for August 14, 1800, NYPL. 66. Isaac Ashton Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, January 16, 1793, Knox Papers. Richard Alexander Bill to Mrs. John Francis, Philadelphia, April 28, 1820, Cadwalader Papers, Gen. Thomas Cadwalader. Bills to Nicholas Low, New York: David F. Lanny, December 11, 1794; Jacob Brouwer, January 9, 1796, June 20, 1797, August 10, 1797, July 15, 1807, and November 19, 1807; and Robert McConachy, November 8, 1808, all in Low Papers. Advertisement of Fenwick Lyell, New-York Gazette and the General Advertiser, March 22, 1797, as quoted in Gottesman, comp., Arts and Crafts in New York, 1777–1799, p. 123. 67. Lyell Account Book, account with John Bunnel, July 27, 1808. Barnes Account Book, account with James H. S[co]tch(?), November 24, 1821. John Hewitt, Savannah, Georgia, to Mathias Bruen, New York, June 10, 1801, Hewitt Letters. 68. James Beekman Account Book of Personal Affairs, New York, 1761–1796, accounts with McEvers and Barclay, August 27, 1794, and Mr. Hoes, December 10, 1794, White-Beekman Papers. 69. Alexander H. Gilbert Account Book, Chester, Connecticut, 1831–1852, account with Thaddeus Beach, January 3, 1837, CHS. S. Durand Daybook, account with Charles P. Strong, June 6, 1824. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with Jonathan Dickerman, January 24, 1807. John Doolittle Account Book, Wallingford, Connecticut, 1816–1837, account with Harmon Williams, March 19, 1830, DCM. Loomis Account Book, accounts with Lemuel Welch, November 4, 1801, and Ebenezer Wiman Jr., February 18, 1808. 70. Robert Cowan Bill to Aaron Wait, Salem, Massachusetts, November 30, 1802, Aaron Wait Papers, PEM. John Roulstone Bills to Caleb Davis, Esq., Boston, August 22, 1787, and January 1788, Davis Papers. William Bentley Ledger, Butternuts, New York, 1812–1815, account with Cornelius Jenny, July 28, 1812, DCM. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, accounts with Nathaniel Hunting, November 21, 1838, and Thomas Baker, October 2, 1817. William Kip Bills to Robert R. Livingston, Red Hook, New York, May 29 and November 7, 1833, Livingston Papers. 71. Slover and Taylor Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, April 10, 1805, Nicholas Low Papers, Rutgers University Library, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Knight Account Book, account with Zebulon Pease, March 10, 1801. Cole Account Book, account with Daniel Miles, August 1797. Jonathan Gavit Bill to Timothy Orne, Salem, Massachusetts, February 8, 1764, Timothy Orne Papers, PEM. William Capron Bill to Albert C. Greene, East Greenwich, Rhode Island, October 6, 1826, Greene Papers. Miles Benjamin Daybook and Ledger, Cooperstown, New York, 1821–1829, account with Jesse Graves, May 9, 1821, NYSHA. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Elijah Wadsworth, January 25, 1800. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with Abraham Dennis, February 13, 1758. William Savery Bill to Joseph Pemberton, Philadelphia, June 15, 1774, Pemberton Papers. Boynton Ledger, 1817–1847, account with Jonathan H. Hubbard, March 1836. Jenkins Account Book, account with Capt. Phineas Pond, October 25, 1815. Preston Ledger, 1811–1842, account with Capt. Phineas Pond, October 25, 1815. Philemon Hinman Account Book, Plymouth, Connecticut, 1804–1817, account with Marcus Gaylor, August 21, 1812, CHS. Henry Mann Bill to Maj. Thomas Jones, Richmond, Virginia, March 8, 1790, Papers of the Jones Family of Northumberland County, Virginia, LC. 72. Moyers and Rich Account Book, account with Daniel Wiseley, August 13, 1834. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with Jotham Tuttle, November 16, 1811. A. Taylor Account Book, account with Barnabas Adams, November 6, 1818. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with Matthew Cozzens, June 25, 1757. Richard Johns Bill to Deborah Morris, Philadelphia, September 27, 1767, Gratz Collection, HSP. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, account with Nathaniel Hunting, December 26, 1842. 73. Boynton Ledger, 1817–1847, account with Jonathan Chase, May 23, 1825. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1794–1802, account with Capt. William Gardner, April 2, 1801. Evans Daybook, 1774–1781, account with [first name unknown] West, January 7, 1778. Benjamin Baker Account Book, Newport, Rhode Island, 1760–1792, account with Thomas Claggitt (clockmaker), April 2, 1774, NHS. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Daniel Huntington, October 13, 1807. Houghton Ledger, account with George Sills, Esq., May 21, 1824. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Simon Newton, February 6, 1801. 74. J. Avery Account Book, account with Thomas Stebbins, November 1834. Gilbert Account Book, account with Thaddeus Beach, January 3, 1837. Lyell Account Book, account with Thomas Post, June 1804. Jenkins Daybook, account with Capt. Isaac Downing, December 11, 1839. 75. Jonathan C. Loomis Account Book, Whately, Massachusetts, 1808–1822, account with Elihu Harvey, after June 11, 1813, DCM. Boynton Account Book, 1810–1817, account with Leonard Spaulding, August 2, 1813. Baker Account Book, account with Thomas Claggitt, early 1772. David Evans Daybook, Philadelphia, 1784–1806, account with John Davis (upholsterer), April 9, 1791, HSP. 76. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Mr. Martinberry, July 19, 1783. Baker Account Book, account with Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, June 6, 1783. Nathaniel Appleton Bill to Moses Townsend, Salem, Massachusetts, May 20, 1836, Papers of Nathaniel Appleton, PEM. Jacob Brouwer Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, June 4, 1814, Low Papers (Rutgers). Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Elijah Wadsworth, January 25, 1800. J. R. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Simon Newton, June 8, 1802. Danforth Ledger, account with Dr. Joseph Lee, January 16, 1797. Dominy Account and Daybook, account with Thomas Baker, December 9, 1825. 77. Evans Daybook, 1774–1781, account with Owen Biddle, February 9, 1776. Advertisements of John Elliott Jr., Pennsylvania Journal (Philadelphia), July 14, 1784, and James Reynolds, Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia), May 12, 1784, both as quoted in The Arts and Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland, and South Carolina, 1721–1785, compiled by Alfred Coxe Prime (Philadelphia: Walpole Society, 1929), p. 197. Samuel Powel III Ledger, Philadelphia, 1760–1774, account with James Reynolds, ca. early 1770s, Library Company of Philadelphia. 78. John Spurlock Bill to Maj. Thomas Jones, prob. Northumberland County, Virginia, October 1, 1791, Jones Family Papers. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, account with Eli Parsons, June 7, 1815. Danforth Ledger, account with Jabez Bowen, August 17, 1801. Daniel Trotter Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, June 11, 1793, Girard Papers. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with Philip Wanton, March 28, 1752. Jonathan Gillett Account Book, Canaan, Connecticut, 1782–1789, account with Ashbell Lane, April 2, 1785, DCM. Jonathan Kettell Account Book, Newburyport, Massachusetts, 1781–1794, account with Angier March, October 6, 1797, PEM. 79. Houghton Ledger, account with Robert Henry, July 19, 1817. John Elliott Sr. Bill to Hollingsworth and Rudolph, Philadelphia, April 6, 1768, Harrold C. Gillingham Collection, HSP. Robbins Account Book, account with Thomas C. Perkins, April 10, 1834. 80. Abraham S. Egerton Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, March 10, 1824, Low Collection. John Elliott Sr. Bill to Gen. John Cadwalader, Philadelphia, July 8, 1772, Cadwalader Papers, Gen. John Cadwalader. 81. John Penn Receipt Book, Philadelphia, 1774–1849, account with James Reynolds, December 9, 1771, Physick Papers, LC. John Elliott Jr. Bill to Hannah Morris, Philadelphia, July 3, 1779, Gillingham Collection. Charles Del Vecchio Bill to James L. Brinckerhoff, New York, October 7, 1816, Papers of Robert Troup, NYPL. Sheraton, Cabinet Dictionary, 2: 271. Cumberland and Beazor Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, November 17, 1796, Low Collection. 82. E. H. Holmes Ledger, 1825–1830, account with Henry D. Braddock Jr., November 8, 1826. Holcomb Account Book, account with Eliphalet Fuller, March 1811. Charles N. Robinson Bills to Charles Wistar, Philadelphia, June 18 and 28, 1830, Charles Wistar Papers, DCM. Bills of P. Vannuck, October 7, 1809, and Barnard Cermenati, April 19, 1810, to Joshua Ward, Salem, Massachusetts, Ward Family Manuscripts, PEM. Cumberland and Beazor Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, November 17, 1796, Low Collection. 83. William Sherman Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, December 2, 1824, Girard Papers. Daniel and Samuel Proud Daybook and Ledger, Providence, Rhode Island, 1810–1834, account with Philip Lewis, July 11, 1828, RIHS. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Henry Barber, January 11, 1793. C. C. Robinson Daybook, account with Hugh Mc[illegible], June 22, 1821. Boynton Ledger, 1817–1847, account with Joseph Flood, June 1, 1825. Moyers and Rich Account Book, credit listing for E. M. D. Reed, July 12, 1837. Knight Account Book, account with Nehemiah Prudden, April 7, 1803. Grinnell and Taylor Bills to Rev. Enos Hitchcock, Providence, Rhode Island, May 9 and December 3, 1789, as published in Joseph K. Ott, "Still More Notes on Rhode Island Cabinetmakers and Allied Craftsmen," Rhode Island History 28, no. 4 (November 1969): 113. 84. Charles Del Vecchio Bill to Robert L. Livingston, New York, June 13, 1815, Livingston Papers. Charles N. Robinson Bill to John Cadwalader, Esq., Philadelphia, June 1, 1836, Cadwalader Papers, Judge John Cadwalader. David Kennedy Bill to John Francis, Philadelphia, February 20, 1821, Cadwalader Papers, Gen. Thomas Cadwalader. S. Powel III Ledger, accounts with James Reynolds, ca. early 1770s, and Robert Kennedy, April 1770. James Hamilton Daybook, Philadelphia, 1768–1782, account with Robert Kennedy, June 1768, James Hamilton Papers, HSP. Edmund Physick Receipt Book, Philadelphia, 1766–1780, account with Robert Kennedy, April 1768, Physick Papers. Robert Kennedy Bill to William Barrell, Philadelphia, before 1772, Collins Papers. 85. Helen Comstock, "Venetian Blinds in the Eighteenth Century," in The Antiques Book, edited by Alice Winchester (New York: Bonanza Books, 1950), pp. 261–65. Carl Dreppard, First Reader for Antique Collectors (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1946), p. 120. John A. H. Sweeney, Winterthur Illustrated (Wilmington, Del.: Winterthur Museum, 1963), p. 121. 86. William Savery Bill to Joseph Pemberton, Philadelphia, February 2, 1775, Pemberton Papers; David Evans Daybook, Philadelphia, 1796–1812, account with Ann Head, April 12, 1796, HSP. Advertisement of C. Alder, Federal Gazette (Philadelphia), July 14, 1797, as quoted in Prime, comp., Arts and Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland, and South Carolina, 1786–1800, p. 215. Lyell Account Book, account with Jane Micheau, June 25, 1808. Scadin Daybook, 1829–1831, account with Henry Scott, May 13, 1830. E. H. Holmes Ledger, 1825–1830, accounts with widow Patty Hayden, September 29 and October 3, 1827. 87. Jacob Sass Bill to Peter Trezevant, Charleston, South Carolina, November 20, 1806, as published in Rauschenberg and Bivins, Furniture of Charleston, 3: 1208. Timothy M. and John Minott Bill to David S. Greenough, Boston, August 19, 1796, Greenough Papers. George Landon Daybook and Ledger, Erie, Pennsylvania, 1813–1832, account with Thomas H. Sill, February 23, 1818, DCM. Boynton Ledger, 1811–1817, account with Stephen Child, June 15, 1811. Charles N. Robinson Bill to James J. Skerrett, Philadelphia, November 2, 1825, Loudon Papers. 88. Richard Johns Bill to Deborah Morris, Philadelphia, July 8, 1767, Gratz Collection. Michael Allison Bill to Gerald Beekman, New York, April 3, 1828, White-Beekman Papers. Grinnell and Taylor Bill to Rev. Enos Hitchcock, Providence, Rhode Island, July 20, 1789, as published in Ott, "Still More Notes," p. 113. Jacob Brouwer Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, June 1, 1797, Low Collection. 89. A. Taylor Account Book, account with Oliver Ives, January 14, 1819. J. Durand Account Book, account with Joshua Cove, December 3, 1761. Houghton Ledger, account with widow Abigail Wheeler, March 1826. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, March 15, 1757. H. Taylor Account Book, account with Thomas Beaumont, March 15, 1835. 90. Hawley Account Book, account with Epenetus How, December 19, 1787. Daniel and Samuel Proud Ledger, Providence, Rhode Island, 1770–1825 (with William Proud until 1779), accounts with Charles Boller, April 11 and July 3, 1779, RIHS. William Lander Bill to Capt. Joseph Bowditch, Salem, Massachusetts, January 1739, Capt. Joseph Bowditch Manuscripts, PEM. R. Loomis Account Book, account with Dr. Amos Granger, October 1804. Boynton Ledger, 1817–1847, account with Henry Roby, September 15, 1827. Lewis Chandler Account Book, Bernardston, Massachusetts, 1814–1826, account with Aaron Grover, 1822, DCM. Ross Account Book, account with Asa Baker, February 1, 1802. Louise Conway Belden, The Festive Tradition (New York: W. W. Norton for the Winterthur Museum, 1983), pp. 173–74. 91. H. Taylor Account Book, account with Margaret Pearce, July 20, 1836. 92. Hawley Account Book, account with Moses Ingersoll, August 15, 1793. Douglas Account Book, account with Benjamin Beckwith, November 30, 1825. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with Cornelius Cook, April 21, 1803. Danforth Ledger, account with Andrew Dexter, December 3, 1794. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Philip Morse, September 22, 1781. R. Loomis Account Book, account with Deborah Harmon, June 1820. Aaron Ogden Account Book, Newark, New Jersey, 1804–1823, account with John Mitchell, April 30, 1817, private collection (microfilm DCM). Jesse Tuttle Daybook, North Haven, Connecticut, 1815–1826, account with Peter Eastman, Esq., June 1, 1816, CHS. Wilder Daybook and Ledger, account with Aaron Davis, June 22, 1837. Ellinger Account Book, account with John Bixler, October 5, 1833. Landon Daybook and Ledger, account with Adam Lowry, August 11, 1817. 93. Sheraton, Dictionary, 2: 320. Nehemiah Munroe Bill to Maj. William Erving, Roxbury, Massachusetts, August 18, 1788, Greenough Papers. Robert Borland Bill to Richard Blow, Portsmouth, Virginia, January 10, 1791, Blow Papers. J. Townsend Jr. Daybook, 1762–1778, account with Nathaniel Stone, May 25, 1772. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with John Simonds, March 11, 1816. 94. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1803–1828, account with Harvey Sessions, December 5, 1821. Isaac Nichols Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, New York, April 13, 1790, Knox Papers. 95. Loomis Account Book, account with Benajah Owen, April 1811. James Gere Ledger, Groton, Connecticut, 1809–1839, credit listing for Allyn Chapman, July 3, 1814, CSL. Houghton Ledger, 1816–1827, account with widow Abigail Wheeler, July 14, 1824. Holcomb Account Book, account with Joshua Weaver, July 1821. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Mrs. Sarah Ingraham, March 20, 1798. 96. Jesse Tuttle Account Book, North Haven, Connecticut, 1792–1813, account with Jonathan Tuttle, June 13, 1808, CHS. Nathan Lucas Ledger, Kingston, Massachusetts, 1800–1853, account with Jedidiah Holmes, July 13, 1824, DCM. George Claypoole Bill to Samuel Meredith, Philadelphia, July 5, 1782, Clymer-Meredith-Read Papers. Filer Account Book, account with Benjamin Wright, October 10, 1809. Cheney Daybook, 1802–1807, account with Oliver Wolcott, December 3, 1802. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Jeremiah Clark, April 28, 1792. Prices of Cabinet and Chair Work (1772), p. 33. 97. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, account with Sarah Gardiner, September 3, 1818. Danforth Ledger, account with Amos Throop, February 13, 1798. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, accounts with George Clark, August 21, 1798, and Joseph Smith, June 17, 1780. 98. Danforth Ledger, account with Jabez Bowen, August 4, 1806. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with John Franklin, June 24, 1785. Abraham Overholt Account Book, Plumstead Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, 1790–1833, account with Karla Zelner, February 5, 1798, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, p. 10. Ellinger Account Book, account with Jacob Early, October 1, 1833. 99. Barnes Account Book, account with Samuel Eells (Ellis?), April 16, 1822. D. and S. Proud Ledger, 1770–1825, account with Benjamin Bourne, January 2, 1795. Baker Account Book, account with Samuel Mosers, September 1770. 100. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Mary Collins, September 22, 1795. Danforth Ledger, accounts with Jabez Bowen, November 13, 1804; William Billings, August 18, 1791; and Gershom Jones, September 3, 1795. 101. Joshua Delaplaine Account Book, New York, 1720s–1770s, account with Dr. Brownjohn, 1741, N-YHS. Robert Borland Bill to Richard Blow, Portsmouth, Virginia, April 29, 1791, Blow Papers. J. Townsend Jr. Daybook, 1762–1778, accounts with Job Howland, May 14, 1769, and William Townsend, November 22, 1765. 102. Daniel Trotter Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, February 17, 1790, Girard Papers. Samuel Matthews Bill to Charles Norris, Philadelphia, 1761, Norris Family Accounts, HSP. Samuel Cheever Bill to John Derby, Salem, Massachusetts, November 19, 1804, Derby Papers, PEM. Henry Mann Bill to Maj. Thomas Jones, Richmond, Virginia, January 6, 1790, Jones Family Papers. 103. J. Durand Account Book, account with Samuel Sanford, September 23, 1762. Jacob Falconer Bill to John Cadwalader, probably Kent County, Maryland, October 6, 1778, Cadwalader Collection, Gen. John Cadwalader. Landon Daybook and Ledger, account with George W. Gallagher, November 4, 1829. 104. D. and S. Proud Ledger, 1770–1825, account with Grindale Reynolds, January 25, 1791, and Ledger, 1810–1834, account with Galend Richmond, January 2, 1819. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, accounts with Henry Barber, September 8, 1791, and Daniel Antony, January 22, 1790. J. Townsend Jr. Daybook, 1762–1778, account with B. Nichols, May 14, 1766. Ross Account Book, account with Aaron Smith, January 27, 1792. Tobey Daybook, account with John Blackwell, February 14, 1785. Lindsey Ledger, account with Christopher Bubier, December 16, 1745. 105. James Gillingham Bill to William Barrell, Philadelphia, October 7, 1766, Collins Papers. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with William Roberson, September 6, 1779. Hawley Account Book, account with Ebenezer Olmstead, January 21, 1787. Nathaniel Heath Account Book, Warren and Barrington, Rhode Island, 1767–1791, account with Thomas Allen, 1775, RIHS. Judkins and Senter Bill to Jacob Wendell, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, April 14, 1814, Wendell Papers, BL. Shaw and Chisholm Bill to James Brice, Esq., Annapolis, Maryland, April 26, 1775, Brice-Jennings Papers, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore. Douglas Account Book, account with Arnold Crane, March 13, 1813. Ross Account Book, accounts with Aaron Smith, December 2, 1786, and April 29, 1785. Preston Ledger, 1811–1842, account with Samuel Cook, September 3, 1814. 106. Elisha Adams Bill to David S. Greenough, Boston, June 1810, Greenough Papers. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Capt. John Oldfield, December 30, 1784. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Tapping Reeve, August 1799. Bills to Gen. John Cadwalader, Philadelphia, from Thomas AZeck, May 10, 1784, and January 14, 1771, and Robert Jewell, December 4, 1775, Cadwalader Papers, Gen. John Cadwalader. Prices of Cabinet and Chair Work (1772), p. 22. Robert Borland Bill to Richard Blow, Portsmouth, Virginia, ca. 1789, and George Seddon and Son Invoice of Shipped Furniture, London, England, August 15, 1785, Blow Papers. 107. Nina Fletcher Little, Country Arts in Early American Homes (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1975), pp. 178–91. 108. Elisha Adams Bill to David S. Greenough, Boston, April 1811, Greenough Papers. Little, Country Arts, p. 189. 109. Benjamin Bardine Bill to William Arnold, East Greenwich, Rhode Island, October 10, 1792, Greene Collection. Filer Account Book, account with James Lynch, February 22, 1807. Barnes Account Book, account with Dr. Charles Dyer, May 21, 1823. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, accounts with Frederick Pettes, February 8, 1813, and Alden Spooner, August 9, 1813, and Boynton Ledger, 1817–1847, account with Mrs. Sarah Townsend, August 29, 1817. Holcomb Account Book, accounts with Capt. Dan Smith, February 17, 1821, and V. P. Van Rensselaer, June 2, 1822. 110. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Caleb Bacon, September 25, 1799. Evans Daybook, 1774–1781, account with Benjamin Rittenhouse, March 29, 1776. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with John Bass, January 13, 1783. Landon Daybook and Ledger, account with John C. Wallace, May 20, 1823. Merrifield Account Book, account with H. B. Haswell, January 22, 1841. 111. Jacob Hinsdale Ledger, Harwinton, Connecticut, 1723–1774, account with Robert Webster, April 1731, SL. Wilder Daybook and Ledger, account with Nathan P. Cummings, April 15, 1843. Jonathan Dart Account Book, New London, Connecticut, 1793–1800, account with George Daniels, March 1, 1800, CHS. Robert Crage Ledger, Leicester, Massachusetts, 1757–1781, accounts with Matthew Scott, July 1763, and Samuel Richardson, August 1769, OSV. Lucas Ledger, account with Pelham Brewster, June 30, 1823. 112. Overholt Account Book, accounts with Philip Kraut, January 24, 1811, and David Hoch, February 15, 1828, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, pp. 14, 19. Samuel Fithian Ware Account Book, Lower Township, Cape May County, New Jersey, 1826–1849, account with Dr. R. Wales, October 18, 1828, DCM. 113. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, account with Samuel Sprague, October 28, 1813. Preston Ledger, 1811–1842, account with Samuel Johnson, November 16, 1815. Carr Account Book, account with Timothy Chase, March 5, 1802. John Paine Account Book, Southold, Long Island, New York, 1761–1815, account with Ezra L'hommedieu, May 1786, Institute for Colonial Studies, State University of New York at Stony Brook (loan). Crage Ledger, account with Matthew Scott, March 1763. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, accounts with William Potter, July 5, 1787, and Daniel Antony, March 26, 1791. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, accounts with Isaac Barnes, February 21, 1818, Ebenezer Philips, April 2, 1816, and Elisha Miller, November 28, 1817. 114. Crage Ledger, accounts with Samuel Richardson, August 1769, and John Brown, August 10, 1769. 115. Douglas Account Book, account with Allyn Wilcox, October 27, 1811. Paine Account Book, accounts with William Hubbard, February 17, 1808, and Thomas Torey, October 29, 1810. Overholt Account Book, account with Henrich Meyer, October 5, 1792, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, p. 7. 116. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, accounts with Eli Parsons, March 4, 1815, Elisha Miller, April 3, 1818, and Isaac Hedges, August 28, 1817. A. Low Account Book, account with Joseph Oatton, July 6, 1798. Overholt Account Book, accounts with Henrich Meyer, October 15, 1792, and Johannes Meyer, June 10, 1791, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, pp. 4, 7. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with William Potter, December 29, 1786. 117. Philip Deland Account Book, West Brookfield, Massachusetts, 1812–1846, account with Horace F. Rich, May 16, 1839, OSV. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with Cornelius Cook, February 7, 1803. Thomas Pratt Account Book, Malden, Massachusetts, 1730–1768, account with Capt. Samuel Wait, ca. 1735, DCM. Tiffany Account Book, accounts with Capt. Samuel Trapp, May 1757, and Lt. Gershom Breed, May 4, 1757. Gifford and Scotland Bill to Walter Livingston, New York, March 13, 1792, Livingston Papers. 118. Davison Ledger, account with Daniel Clark, August 7, 1795. Danforth Ledger, account with Andrew Dexter, July 19, 1790. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with George Clark, July 19, 1799. 119. S. Durand Account Book, account with Sarah Newton, June 24, 1818. Joseph Stone Bill to Capt. William Arnold, East Greenwich, Rhode Island, July 17, 1790, Greene Collection. Overholt Account Book, accounts with David Hoch, February 4, 1826, and Samuel Frey, August 25, 1827, as published in Keyser et al., Accounts of Two Pennsylvania German Furniture Makers, p. 19. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, account with Eli Parsons, May 29, 1818. J. E. Townsend Ledger, 1778–1794, account with William Carcell, June 25, 1788. 120. Tiffany Account Book, accounts with John Elderkin, September 11, 1755, and January 5, 1756. Joseph Griswold Daybook, Buckland, Massachusetts, 1816–1843, account with Joseph Spaulding, October 1821, private collection (microfilm DCM). Houghton Ledger, 1816–1827, account with widow Abigail Wheeler, October 1822. Lyell Account Book, account with Obediah Bowne, April 11, 1806. 121. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Morey Biglay, June 29, 1799. Jules D. Prown, John Singleton Copley (Meriden, Conn.: Meriden Gravure, 1965), pp. 74, 77. Lyell Account Book, accounts with David A. Cumming, February 14, 1805, and John B. Graves, July 8, 1807. 122. Samuel Matthews Bill to Charles Norris, Philadelphia, 1761, Norris Family Accounts. Symonds Account Book, account with Benjamin Magry, March 12, 1752. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with Col. Joseph Wanton, May 26, 1770. 123. J. Durand Account Book, account with John Marshall, October 19, 1767. Hawley Account Book, account with Ezra Meed, July 23, 1784. Tobey Daybook, accounts with Capt. Obed Nye, October 1, 1797, and Jirah Swift, April 15, 1775. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with William Douglass, December 2, 1799, and Ledger, 1778–1794, account with Joseph Beeby, October 5, 1779. Richard Booker Bill to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, July 22, 1791, Tucker-Coleman Collection. 124. Cheney Ledger, 1799–1817, account with Tapping Reeve, February 1, 1800. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, accounts with Leonard Cummings, May 31, 1816, and Thomas Leverett and Son, March 20, 1817, and Ledger, 1817–1847, account with Jonathan H. Hubbard, June 22, 1837. Nina Fletcher Little, Neat and Tidy (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1980), pp. 97–109. 125. Danforth Ledger, account with Andrew Dexter, July 26, 1797. Rookesby Roberts Bill to St. George Tucker, Williamsburg, Virginia, January 29, 1795, Tucker-Coleman Collection. Barnes Account Book, accounts with Samuel Williams, August 17, 1821, and Mr. G. Burrows, June 24, 1823. Boynton Ledger, 1811–1817, account with Thomas Leverett and Son, March 20, 1817. Mark Pitman Bill to Charles Moses Endicott, Salem, Massachusetts, July 9, 1839, Charles Moses Endicott Papers, PEM. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Simon Newton, February 1, 1800. Kettell Account Book, account with Thomas Pearson, ca. January 1793. 126. Danforth Ledger, account with Benjamin Gladding, September 3, 1799. William Savery Bill to Joseph Pemberton, Philadelphia, July 12, 1775, Pemberton Papers. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1803–1828, account with Samuel Tygatt, September 29, 1804. Benjamin Ellery Bill to Estate of Eliakim Prindel, Gloucester, Massachusetts, September 1815, Rogers Papers. Nicholas Silberg Bill to William Wragg, Esq., Charleston, South Carolina, August–November 1799, as quoted in Rauschenberg and Bivins, Furniture of Charleston, 3: 1217. Evans Daybook, 1796–1812, account with William Guier, December 31, 1801. Hodghton and Company Bill to Samuel Larned, Lima, Peru, September 27, 1832, Greene Collection. 127. Alexander Edward Bill to Grant Webster, Boston, April 12, 1785, Greenough Papers. Preston Ledger, 1811–1842, account with Capt. Phineas Pond, July 20, 1813. James Poupard Bill to Gen. John Cadwalader, Philadelphia, December 14, 1773, Cadwalader Collection, Gen. John Cadwalader. William Jenkins Bill to Joshua Ward, Salem, Massachusetts, August 28, 1792, Joshua Ward Papers, PEM. Lindsey Ledger, account with Jacob Fowle, July 27, 1762. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with William Roberson, January 6, 1758, and Daybook, 1762–1778, account with Stephen Wanton, September 27, 1762. James Linacre Bill to John Sanders, Albany, New York, February 9, 1795, Sanders Papers, N-YHS. Richard Johns Bill to Deborah Morris, Philadelphia, September 27, 1767, Gratz Collection. William Savery Bill to Joseph Pemberton, Philadelphia, October 23, 1775, Pemberton Papers. Daniel Trotter Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, October 8, 1782, Girard Papers. 128. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, accounts with Dr. Jonathan Easton, February 3 and May 12, 1798, and Doctor Turner, July 30, 1800. Ebenezer Smith Jr. Bills to Robert Rantoul, Beverly, Massachusetts, February 22, 1806, October 1, 1796, and February 4, 1797, Rantoul Papers. 129. Little, Neat and Tidy, pp. 31–39. Parkhurst Account Book, account with Job Pearce, June 29, 1824. Lyell Account Book, account with John Lang, February 1804. G. and D. Cleveland Bill to Mrs. Jones, Providence, Rhode Island, March 15, 1838, Greene Collection. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with widow of Timothy Carrington, May 18, 1807. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Peter Philips, November 1, 1794. Knight Account Book, account with Samuel Reynolds, August 30, 1797. 130. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Col. Benjamin Tallmadge, May 24, 1811. T. A. Guttwaldt Bill to Nicholas Low, New York, February 14, 182[?], Low Collection. Duncan Phyfe Bill to James L. Brinckerhoff, New York, May 6, 1816, Troup Papers. Pennell Beale Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, September 24, 1791, Knox Papers. Loud and Brothers Bills to James J. Skerrett, Philadelphia, April 28, 1832, and November 9, 1833, Loudoun Papers. 131. Robbins Account Book, account with William James Hamisly, April 5, 1834. Barnes Account Book, account with Mrs. Esther Williams, June 20, 1824. Lyell Account Book, account with James B. Graves, November 4, 1809. Cheney Daybook, 1807–1813, account with Col. Benjamin Tallmadge, May 24, 1811. Duncan Phyfe Bills to James L. Brinckerhoff, New York, May 6 and 11, 1816, Troup Papers. Loud and Brothers Bills to James J. Skerrett, Philadelphia, April 28, 1832, and November 9, 1833, Loudoun Papers. 132. John Green Account Book, Southampton, Long Island, New York, 1790–1803, account with Ebenezer Bourne, October 13, 1791, DCM. Boynton Ledger, 1810–1817, accounts with Curtis and Coolidge, October 26, 1813, and Sewell Cutting, June 15, 1814. Kettell Account Book, account with Joshua Greenleaf, March 1794. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, accounts with Richard Clark, December 28, 1795, and Lewis Builod, February 23, 1801. E. H. Holmes Daybook, 1825–1830, account with Robert F. Denison, February 6, 1827. Short Account Book, account with Amos Kimball, April 15, 1816. 133. Advertisement of Isaac Greenwood, Boston Gazette (Massachusetts), June 20, 1763, and advertisement for house furnishings, Boston Gazette, January 26, 1761, both as quoted in The Arts and Crafts in New England, 1704–1775, compiled by George Francis Dow (Topsfield, Mass.: Wayside Press, 1927), pp. 287, 170. Advertisement for lost umbrella, New-York Journal or the General Advertiser, June 30, 1774, as quoted in The Arts and Crafts in New York, 1726–1776, compiled by Rita S. Gottesman (1938; reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1970), p. 334. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Mr. Smith, August 16, 1799. Landon Account Book, account with P. S. V. Hammot, September 11, 1817. Preston Ledger, 1795–1817, account with Capt. Phineas Pond, August 11, 1810. Dominy Account Book and Daybook, account with Isaac Barnes, September 1817. Samuel Matthews Bill to Charles Norris, Philadelphia, August 1766, Norris Family Accounts. Samuel Benge Bill to Stephen Girard, Philadelphia, 1790s, Girard Papers. Samuel Benge Bill to Gen. Henry Knox, Philadelphia, June 3, 1793, Knox Papers. 134. William Savery Bill to Joseph Pemberton, Philadelphia, January 1, 1774, Pemberton Papers. Samuel Matthews Bill to Charles Norris, Philadelphia, September 1763, Norris Family Accounts. Philip Warren Bill to Gen. Thomas Cadwalader, Philadelphia, November 11, 1823, Cadwalader Papers, Gen Thomas Cadwalader. 135. J. Townsend Jr. Ledger, 1750–1778, account with Jacob Rodriguez Rivera, March 16, 1757. Lyell Account Book, account with Richard J. Tucker, October 27, 1808. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1803–1828, account with Joseph Ailsworth, December 27, 1823. 136. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, accounts with William Douglass, July 27 and August 18, 1797. Advertisement of John Ernst Juncken, New-York Gazette or the Weekly Post-Boy, January 1, 1759, as quoted in Gottesman, comp., Arts and Crafts in New York, 1726–1776, p. 254. J. E. Townsend Daybook, 1778–1803, account with Martha Smith, October 5, 1802; J. Townsend Jr. Daybook, 1762–1768, account with John Warren, June 29, 1765. Merrifield Account Book, account with Mr. Kelso, April 30, 1836. C. C. Robinson Daybook, account with John White, February 22, 1816. Jane Carson, Colonial Virginians at Play (Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg, 1965), pp. 100–101. Elisabeth Donaghy Garrett, At Home: The American Family, 1750–1870 (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1990), pp. 73, 92, 106. Daniel Trotter Bills to John Girard, Philadelphia, February 15, 1788, Girard Papers.