Footnotes

1. W. Oakley Raymond expresses the common belief about the Remmeys in Baltimore: "Evidence drawn from the Baltimore directories makes it certain that Henry Remmey, founder of the Philadelphia works, sought to command two profitable markets by placing his son Henry Harrison [Henry Remmey Jr.] in charge of a Baltimore branch. . . . Whatever the father's purpose in entering the Baltimore market, he either found, or presently developed, plenty of local competition. . . . This may help to explain why by September 25, 1835 . . . we find [Henry Remmey Jr.] in Philadelphia." W. Oakley Raymond, "Remmey Family: American Potters, Part II," Antiques 32 (1937), quoted in Diana Stradling and J. Garrison Stradling, The Art of the Potter (New York: Main Street/Universe Books, 1977), p. 116.
2. Stradling and Stradling, Art of the Potter, pp. 114-16.
3. Louis Zukofsky, A Useful Art: Essays and Radio Scripts on American Design (Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 2003), p. 197. This script was penned for the Works Progress Administration.
4. Stradling and Stradling, Art of the Potter, p. 116.
5. Henry Remmey Jr., who was by then eighteen years old, almost certainly accompanied his father to Baltimore. He potted with him from 1812 until he gained enough experience to be recognized as a highly skilled potter in his own right.
6. American & Commercial Daily Advertiser, July 4, 1812, p. 1; American, July 3, 1812, p. 4.
7. American, October 15, 1812, p. 2.
8. The evidence that supports a rent-free arrangement is persuasive. Remmey does not appear in Maryland land records as leasing or purchasing property in Baltimore. In 1817-1818 he is listed as living at the north end of Happy Alley, which was near the Baltimore Stoneware Manufactory (although it was also close to other stoneware potteries, notably the Pitt and Green Street pottery of Morgan and Amoss, and the Eden Street pottery of Parr and Burland). The records of 1822-1823, 1824, and 1829 show Remmey living on Bond Street. From an 1838 newspaper listing for the trustee's sale of the property of Henry Myers (Jacob Myers's son) we know that the Myers family owned on Bond Street "a small dwelling . . . heretofore occupied by the person who has conducted [the] pottery." This dwelling presumably is where Remmey lived in the 1820s. The Baltimore Directory for 1817-18 (Baltimore, Md.: Printed by James Kennedy, 1817), p. 157; The Baltimore Directory for 1822-23 (Baltimore, Md.: Printed by R. J. Matchett, 1822), p. 231; Matchett's Baltimore Directory for 1824 (Baltimore, Md.: Printed by R. J. Matchett, 1824), p. 253; Matchett's Baltimore Directory for 1829 (Baltimore, Md.: Printed by R. J. Matchett, 1829), p. 265; American, September 11, 1838, p. 3.
9. It is interesting to note, however, that he never took a formal apprentice in Baltimore. Information concerning Baltimore stoneware prior to 1812 is sketchy, but the fact that William Myers needed to import Hartford stoneware in 1812 (American, July 4, 1812, p. 1.) is a strong indication that Baltimore-manufactured stoneware was of inferior quality. A stoneware pitcher excavated from a Baltimore privy dating to the early 1800s is probably an example of the type of stoneware produced in Baltimore before Remmey's arrival. Its form is not much different from the form of Remmey's pitchers, but it is decorated with only a small amount of cobalt. Also, it has a very light salt glaze and its clay has an uneven, blotchy appearance. Known examples of Baltimore stoneware dating after Remmey's arrival are of much higher quality, especially in terms of decoration and glaze.
10. Baltimore Directory for 1817-18, pp. 129, 146, 157 (emphasis added); Supplement to the American, April 28, 1818, p. 1.
11. American, June 8, 1815, p. 4.
12. American, December 23, 1815, p. 4; Supplement to the American, March 27, 1816, p. 1; American, March 7, 1818, p. 4; American, July 2, 1818, p. 4; Supplement to the American, April 28, 1818, p. 1.
13. American, September 25, 1822, p. 2. This issue of the American lists the obituary for Jacob Myers, who died less than a year after passing his business to Henry Myers.
14. American, July 3, 1823, p. 1.
15. Baltimore Directory for 1822-23, p. 231; Matchett's Baltimore Directory for 1824, p. 253; Matchett's Baltimore Directory for 1829, p. 265. It is clear that Remmey Sr. was still working for Myers in 1824, because a directory listing places his son, Henry Harrison Remmey (Henry Remmey Jr.), at another pottery at the time. The directory gives Remmey Jr.'s dwelling at the corner of Pitt and Bond; undoubtedly he lived there with his father, since we know that Henry Myers owned a house adjacent to the pottery for the use of the manufactory's superintendent (see n. 8). In 1829 the business directory still lists Remmey Sr.'s residence as being at Pitt and Bond.
16. The forms, standardized decorations, and even firing exhibited in "H. MYERS" stoneware are more typical of stoneware produced circa 1840 and later in Baltimore and Virginia.
17. Matchett's Baltimore Directory for 1824, p. 253; Philadelphia County Recorder of Deeds, 1827, vol. gwr 17, p. 250.
18. American, August 14, 1824, p. 1.
19. Capacity-mark stamps were part of the tools of a shop, and pieces bearing identical capacity marks usually were manufactured at the same shop.
20. David Parr began marking his stoneware no earlier than 1815, Elisha Parr marked his no earlier than 1818, and William Morgan began marking his stoneware with incised signatures circa 1819.
21. This pot is an example of the largest size stoneware on Myers's price lists. In 1815 it retailed for $1.25. American, October 23, 1815, p. 4.
22. In 1815 a one-and-one-half-gallon stoneware pitcher retailed at Myers's shop for $.62 1/2. Kegs, water coolers, and similar forms do not appear on Baltimore price lists for the 1810s. Ibid.
23. This pitcher is the only signed "H. REMMEY / BALTIMORE" vessel with a different maker's mark. While the mark on other Remmey pieces consists of movable letters arranged to form the words, the mark on this pitcher is created from two stamps of permanently affixed letters, one for "h. remmey" and one for "baltimore."