1. See John A. Burrison, Fluid Vessel: Journey of the Jug, pp. 92–121 of this volume.
2. Cinda K. Baldwin, Great and Noble Jar: Traditional Stoneware of South Carolina (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993), p. 81.
3. Ibid., pp. 83–84, figs. 3.11, 3.12.
4. Edwin AtLee Barber, The Pottery and Porcelain of the United States: An Historical Review of American Ceramic Art from the Earliest Times to the Present Day (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1909), p. 466.
5. John Michael Vlach, The Afro-American Tradition in Decorative Arts (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990), pp. 86–90.
6. Barber, Pottery and Porcelain of the United States.
7. Vlach, Afro-American Tradition in Decorative Arts; Mark M. Newell, “Echoes of Africa,” GAI Research Manuscript 433/1966, which covers 1996 iconographic research in Zaire.
8. Robert Farris Thompson, “The Grand Detroit N’Kondi,” Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of the Arts 56, no. 4 (1978): 207–22.
9. Denba Saccoh, Zaire, personal communication, 1996.
10. Personal communication with an African-American minister in Edgefield, who wishes to remain anonymous.
11. A highly sensitive topic among rural blacks, root magic is a continuing research interest of the Georgia Archaeological Institute. Much of the sensitivity and secrecy are connected directly with the power attributed to the grave sites of important blacks of the past one hundred and fifty years.
12. Baldwin, Great and Noble Jar, pp. 47, 51–54.
13. Nancy Baynham, Baynham: A History of a South Carolinian Family (Augusta, Ga.: Hamburg Press, 1999).
14. Mark M. Newell, “Making His “MARK,” in Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2003), pp. 273–75.
15. Stephen Ferrell, an avocational Edgefield potter-historian, found two face-vessel fragments in the 1980s while raking through a waster pile at Sunnybrook, one of the Lewis Miles sites.
16. George J. Castille, Cinda K. Baldwin, and Carl Steen, Archaeological Survey of Alkaline-Glazed Pottery Kiln Sites in Old Edgefield District, South Carolina ([Columbia, S.C.]: McKissick Museum, 1988). Researchers on this site in the 1980s published findings to the eVect that Baynham had not been a part of the Edgefield stoneware tradition but that his pottery operation represented a cultural intrusion from Ohio in 1900. GAI’s preliminary survey of the site in 1996 also determined that the two sites extended over a far greater area than the earlier archaeologists had supposed—1.5 miles in length as opposed to the 328 feet originally reported. The GAI’s reassessment discovered that the boundaries of the site, which previously had been described as encompassed within a few hundred feet, in fact extend beyond a 1.5-by-.5-mile strip.
17. Mark M. Newell, “A Spectacular Find at the Joseph Gregory Baynham Pottery Site,” in Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2001), pp. 229–32.
18. Making Faces: Southern Face Vessels 1840–1990, exh. cat. ([Columbia, S.C.]: McKissick Museum, 2001), p. 17.
19. Baldwin, Great and Noble Jar, p. 103. By 1870 the J. P. Bodie pottery was in operation at Kirksey’s Crossroads in the Edgefield District.
20. A grant from the Chipstone Foundation funded the cost of materials and documentation.
21. Baldwin, Great and Noble Jar, p. 141