1. Graham Hood, Bonnin and Morris of Philadelphia: The First American Porcelain Manufactory, 1770–1772 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972). See also J. Victor Owen, “Compositional and Mineralogical Distinctions between Bonnin and Morris (Philadelphia, 1770–1772) Phosphatic Porcelain and Its Contemporarily British Counterparts,” Geoarchaeology 16, no. 7 (2001): 785–802.
2. Hilary Young, English Porcelain, 1745–95: Its Makers, Design, Marketing and Consumption (London: V&A Publications, 1999); Julie Emerson, Jennifer Chen, and Mimi Gardner Gates, Porcelain Stories: From China to Europe (Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 2000).
3. Simeon Shaw, History of StaVordshire Potteries (Hanley, 1829). For a recent example, see David Barker, “Bits and Bobs: The Development of Kiln Furniture in the 18th-Century StaVordshire Pottery Industry,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 16, pt. 3 (1998): 318–40. Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Dots, Dashes, and Squiggles: Early English Slipware Technology,” in Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2001), pp. 94–114; Michelle Erickson and Robert Hunter, “Swirls and Whirls: English Agateware Technology,” in Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2003), pp. 87–110.
4. An excellent account of the material retrieved from the Bow factory site is provided by David Redstone, “Finds and Excavations on the Bow Factory Site 1867–1969, Part ii,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 16, pt. 3 (1998): 82–108. More recent salvage excavations by the Museum of London have retrieved a vast amount of material, including fragments of plaster molds, that is awaiting analysis; personal communication, Jacqui Pearce, Museum of London, Specialist Services.
5. Emerson, Chen, and Gates, Porcelain Stories.
6. Leonard N. Amico, Bernard Palissy: In Search of Earthly Paradise (Paris: Flammarion, 1996).
7. Beth Carver Wees, “Silver in the Clark Art Institute,” Antiques (October 1, 1997): 536–45.
8. Howard Coutts, The Art of Ceramics European Ceramic Design, 1500–1830 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001), p. 145.
9. John C. Austin, Chelsea Porcelain at Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1977), pp. 28–29.
10. The bill is reproduced as Appendix 7 of Hood’s book Bonnin and Morris, and appears in this volume on page 58. The original resides in the Cadwalader Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
11. Ibid.
12. Young, English Porcelain, p. 86.
13. Alfred Coxe Prime, comp., The Arts and Crafts in Philadelphia, Maryland and South Carolina, 1721–1785: Gleanings from Newspapers ([Topsfield, Mass.]: Walpole Society, 1929), p. 114.
14. An exception might be a rare shell pickle stand produced at the Vauxhall porcelain factory. The Watney Collection of Fine Early English Porcelains, Part II, sale cat. (New York: Phillips Auction House, May 10, 2000), lot 738, p. 138.
15. We are indebted to Dr. William DePaul at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, for his comments and assistance.
16. Peter Hayward, Tony Nelson-Smith, and Chris Shields, Collins Pocket Guide: Sea Shore and Britain & Europe (London: HarperCollins, 1996).
17. Ibid., p. 180.
18. Ibid., p. 186.
19. Ibid., p. 112.
20. Young, English Porcelain, p. 94.
21. Glenn Adamson, “The American Arcanum: Porcelain and the Alchemical Tradition,” pp. 94–119 in this volume.
22. Ibid. |