1. John L. Cotter, Daniel G. Roberts, and Michael Parrinton, with assistance of Sarah S. Evans, The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993). This is the major summation of archaeological research conducted in Philadelphia discussing only a few site-specific investigations.
2. Roderick Jellicoe, “English Porcelain in Colonial America: Sherds from Colonial Williamsburg,” paper presented at the 2004 Ceramics in America Conference, Winterthur, Delaware.
3. Ivor Noël Hume, A Guide to Artifacts of Colonial America (1970; Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001).
4. Andrew David Madsen, “‘All sorts of China Ware . . . Large, Noble and Rich Chinese Bowls’: Eighteenth Century Chinese Export Porcelain of Virginia” (Master’s thesis, Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va., 1995).
5. One horseback estimate suggests that porcelain usually constitutes less than 5 percent of most domestic assemblages from the 1750s to the 1770s, and the vast majority of it is of Chinese origin. A survey of archaeological assemblages from the Chesapeake region indicates that fragments of English porcelain are present in nearly every archaeological collection from this time period.
6. Bruce B. Powell, “The Archaeology of Franklin Court,” 1962, on file at Independence National Historical Park, Philadelphia; cited in Cotter et al., Buried Past, p. 143.
7. Alice Morse Earle, China Collecting in America (1892; Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle Co., 1982), p. 64.
8. Research on eighteenth-century English porcelain from excavated consumer sites in London is currently being conducted by Jacqui Pearce, specialist at the Museum of London. A paper is scheduled to be presented at the January 2008 meeting of the English Ceramic Circle.
9. Ivor Noël Hume, Pottery and Porcelain in Colonial Williamsburg Archaeological Collections (Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1969).
10. Terence Lockett, “English Porcelain and Colonial America,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 16, pt. 3 (1998): 283–97.
11. Ibid., p. 287.
12. Ibid., p. 289.
13. John C. Austin, Chelsea Porcelain at Williamsburg (Williamsburg, Va.: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1977), pp. 10–11.
14. Maurice Hillis and Roderick Jellicoe, Liverpool Porcelain of William Reid, exh. cat. (London: Roderick Jellicoe, 2000).
15. Lockett, “English Porcelain and Colonial America,” p. 293.
16. W.H.R. Ramsay, Anton Gabszewicz, and E. G. Ramsay: “‘Unaker’ or Cherokee Clay and Its Relationship to the ‘Bow Porcelain’ Manufactory,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 17, pt. 3 (2001): 473–99.
17. W. Ross Ramsay, Judith A. Hansen, and E. Gael Ramsay, “An ‘A-Marked’ Porcelain Covered Bowl, Cherokee Clay, and Colonial America’s Contribution to the English Porcelain Industry,” in Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2004), pp. 60–77.
18. Robert Hunter, “New Acquisitions at Chipstone,” in Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2004), pp. 275–78.
19. Hillis and Jellicoe, Liverpool Porcelain of William Reid. |