1. Stanley South, John Bartlam: Staffordshire in Carolina, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology Research Manuscript Series 231 (Columbia: University of South Carolina, 2004).
2. J. Victor Owen, “A New Classification Scheme for Eighteenth-Century American and British Soft-Paste Porcelain,” p. 130, fig. 4, in this volume.
3. South, John Bartlam, pp. 27–30, 70–71.
4. For an example of the subsurface calcification of ceramic sherds, see J. Victor Owen and Terence E. Day, “Assessing and Correcting the Effects of the Chemical Weathering of Potsherds: A Case Study Using Soft-Paste Porcelain Wasters from the Longton Hall (Staffordshire) Factory Site,” Geoarchaeology 13 (1998): 265–86.
5. J. Victor Owen, B. Adams, and R. Stephenson, “Nicholas Crisp’s ‘Porcellien’: A Petrological Comparison of Sherds from the Vauxhall (London; c. 1751–1764) and Indeo Pottery (Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; c. 1767–1774) Factory Sites,” Geoarchaeology 15 (2000): 43–78, table iii.
6. J. Victor Owen and Terence E. Day, “Estimation of the Bulk Composition of Fine Grained Media from Microchemical and Backscatter Image Analysis: Application to Biscuit Wasters from the Bow Factory Site, London,” Archaeometry 36 (1994): 217–26.
7. For an explanation, see J. Victor Owen, “Antique Porcelain 101: A Primer on the Chemical Analysis and Interpretation of Eighteenth-Century British Wares,” Ceramics in America, edited by Robert Hunter (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England for the Chipstone Foundation, 2002), 39–61; P.D.S. St. Pierre, “Constitution of Bone China: III, High-Temperature Phase Equilibrium Studies in the System Tricalcium Phosphate-Anorthite-Silica,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society 39 (1956): 147–50, fig. 2.
8. J. Victor Owen, “Geochemical Distinctions between Bonnin and Morris Porcelain (Philadelphia, 1770–72) and Some Contemporary Phosphatic British Wares,” Geoarchaeology 16 (2001): 785–802.
9. J. Victor Owen and Jaroslav Dostal, “Phase Equilibrium Constraints on Kiln Temperatures at the Eby Pottery (ca. 1857–1905), Conestogo, Ontario,” Canadian Mineralogist 44 (2006): 1257–66.
10. Owen, unpublished data.
11. W. Ross H. Ramsay, Anton Gabszewicz, and Elizabeth G. Ramsay, “Unaker or Cherokee Clay and Its Relationship to the Bow Porcelain Manufactory,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 17, no. 3 (2001): 474–98; W. Ross H. Ramsay, G. R. Hill, and Elizabeth G. Ramsay, “Re-creation of the 1744 Heylyn and Frye Ceramic Patent Wares Using Cherokee Clay: Implications for Raw Materials, Kiln Conditions, and the Earliest English Porcelain Production,” Geoarchaeology 19 (2004): 635–55.
12. South, John Bartlam, p. 1.
13. Alice C. Frelinghuysen, “Tucker Porcelain, Philadelphia, 1826–1838,” Antiques 135, no. 4 (1989): 916–29.
14. Roger Massey, Jacqueline Pearce, and Ray Howard, comps., Isleworth Pottery and Porcelain: Recent Discoveries, exh. cat., Stockspring Antiques, London, June 5–14, 2003 (London: English Ceramic Circle and Museum of London, 2003); I. C. Freestone, L. Joyner, and R. Howard, “The Composition of Porcelain from the Isleworth Manufactory,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 18, pt. 2 (2003): 284–94.
15. J. Victor Owen and Terence E. Day, “Eighteenth-Century Phosphatic Porcelains: Bow and Lowestoft; Further Confirmation of Their Compositional Distinction,” English Ceramic Circle Transactions 16, pt. 3 (1998): 342–44.
16. Owen, “Geochemical Distinction,” p. 342.
17. South, John Bartlam, pp. 85–88.
18. Ibid., fig. 4; and Freestone et al., “Composition of Porcelain,” table 1.