Ceremonial armchair, Britain, ca. 1750. Mahogany with beech. H. 49" (with modern arched board added to the crest), W. 21 1/2", D. 24 1/2" (seat). (Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, photo, Hans Lorenz.) The footstool is a reproduction.
Figure 2
Engraved image of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 published in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, June 16, 1866.
Figure 3
Letter from W. H. Soane to W.A.R. Goodwin, May 15, 1928.
Figure 4
Drawing of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 marked "RECEIVED / FEB 11 1929 / PERRY, SHAW & HEPBURN."
Figure 5
Photograph of a hall vignette in the “Girl Scouts Loan Exhibition,” New York, 1929. The armchair is visible in the left rear corner.
Figure 6
John Singleton Copley, Henry Laurens, 1782. Oil on canvas. 54 1/4" x 40 5/8". (Courtesy, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., gift of Andrew Mellon, 1942.)
Figure 7
Photograph of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1, taken ca. 1930.
Figure 8
Photograph of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1, taken in 1963.
Figure 9
Photograph of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1, taken in 1977. The arched crest and new leather upholstery were added in preparation for the chair’s exhibition in “Furniture of Williamsburg and Eastern Virginia: The Product of Mind and Hand,” Virginia Museum, Richmond, 1978. Wallace Gusler curated that show.
Figure 10
Backstool, Britain, ca. 1750. Mahogany with oak, cherry, beech, and ash. H. 40", W. 25", D. 22" (seat). (Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Friends of Colonial Williamsburg Collections Fund and the TIF Foundation in Memory of Michelle A. Iverson; photo, Craig McDougal.) The other backstool has red pine in its construction.
Figure 11
Details showing the knee carving on the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 (left) and one of the backstools represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10 (right).
Figure 12
Details showing the paw feet on the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 (left) and one of the backstools represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10 (right).
Figure 13
Details showing the side knee blocks of the left front legs of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 (left) and one of the backstools represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10 (right). On the armchair knee block, the carver snapped off the volute and had to modify his design.
Figure 14
Detail showing a rounded rear post on one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 15
Detail showing replaced front and side rails on the seat frame of one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 16
Detail showing the back attachment of one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 17
Detail of a screw used in the back attachment of one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 18
Detail showing altered knee blocks on one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 19
Details showing remnants of the original red wool (top) and silk (bottom) surviving on one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 20
Detail showing the brass nail pattern on one of the backstools, represented by the example illustrated in fig. 10.
Figure 21
Armchair illustrated in fig. 1 with upholstery removed.
Figure 22
Detail showing a remnant of the original red silk show cloth on the armchair illustrated in fig. 1.
Figure 23
Detail showing the brass nail pattern on the armchair illustrated in fig. 1.
Figure 24
A View of the House of Peers. The King Sitting on the Throne, the Commons Attending Him at the End of the Session, 1755, engraved by B. Cole, London, 1755. (Courtesy, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.)
Figure 25
Ceremonial armchair with carving attributed to the shop of Henry Hardcastle (d. 1756), Charleston, South Carolina, 1755–1756. Mahogany with sweet gum. H. 53 3/8", W. 37 3/8" (arms). (Collection of the McKissick Museum, University of South Carolina; photo, Museum of Early Southern Decorative Arts.)
Figure 26
Detail of the mortises and screw holes in the crest of the armchair illustrated in fig. 25.
Figure 27
X-radiographs of the crest rail of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1.
Figure 28
Detail showing the original placement of a mahogany strip added to the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 during the nineteenth century.
Figure 29
Detail showing the partial mortise in the top of the mahogany strip and alignment with a patched partial mortise in the crest rail of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1. The marks left by the lead and outer cutter of the center bit are visible at the bottom of the mortise on the strip and below the patch on the crest.
Figure 30
Detail showing a center bit similar to the example used to bore the mortises in the mahogany strip and crest rail of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1.
Figure 31
Detail showing the partial mortises on the mahogany strip and crest of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1 with a patch removed.
Figure 32
Detail showing the rabbeted upper rear edge of the crest of the armchair illustrated in fig. 1.
Figure 33
Armchair, backstool and reproduction stool illustrated in this article, with red silk, wool upholstery, and fringe. (Photo, Craig McDougal.)